[1][2] Another plausible explanation suggests it is derived from Turki taqlar makan, describing "the place of ruins". How much do you know about the natural geography of China? The lowest temperatures reach -24 and -28 Celsius, respectively (Ling, 1991a, p. 124). Since 1950 the Chinese government has encouraged the emigration of sedentary agriculturalists into the marginal lands on the edges of the Takla Makan. The big-head fish of the Tarim River is a national first-level protected animal of China and Tarim Red deer Cervus elaphus yarkandensis is endemic to this region. The relief of the Takla-Makan desert is quite monotonous. Even greater deposits were discovered from 1980s along the southern rim and in the central portion. Satellite image of a large dust storm in the Takla Makan Desert, northwestern China. The publication of the Tentative Lists does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the World Heritage Centre or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. But the whirlwind did not touch gold and wealth, and they were buried in golden sands. Protecting the existing plants and planting new psammophytes (plants that thrive in shifting sand) are the main methods. With barely any water and plants, only a few people live the desert near oasis towns. It is surrounded in three directions by high mountain ranges (see Fig. Thus, successful scientific exploration of the desert itself did not begin until the late 19th century. Y. Ling, Climatic Characteristics and their Changing Tendency in the Taklimakan Desert, in Reports on the 1986 Sino-German Kunlun-Shan Taklimakan Expedition, ed. This review is based on a 30-year monitoring program from 1991 to 2021. It will not be as deep as the Kola Superdeep Borehole (12,262 metres (40,230ft).[28]. It flows for most of its length through the Takla Makan Desert. [21] It was in close proximity to many of the ancient civilizationsto the Northwest is the Amu Darya basin, to the southwest the Afghanistan mountain passes lead to Iran and India, to the east is China, and even to the north ancient towns such as Almaty can be found. Temperatures can range from -6 C to + 26 C. It is also the world's second largest drifting desert. It serves as the setting of a key battle between the Holy Britannian Empire and Japanese insurrectionists backed by the Chinese Federation. These attributes ensure that enough water can be absorbed by the tree. It is also the world's second largest drifting desert. Taklamakan Desert is the . gobi) on Taklamakans periphery are vast alluvial fan deposits, composed of heterogenous detrital material, in the subsiding basin. Others refer to the vast and arid land as the place of ruins or sea of death, because there is very little water to support life there save for the few oases that are few and far between. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. The Takla Makan occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. Which was a result of apartheid? 39 'Soft Places' of Neil Gaiman's The Sandman takes place in the desert, when Marco Polo gets lost in the desert. The study sites were located near the Qira Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the foreland of the river oasis Qira the southern fringe of the Taklamakan desert and is sheltered from sand drift and shifting dunes by a sparse belt of vegetation. There are a large number of rabbits, gerbils, field mice, and jerboas in the sand dunes; among insectivores, the long-eared hedgehog and bats are common. Named areas in the desert include Ha-la-ma, A-lang-ha and Mai-k'o-tsa-k'o. The village was founded by nomadic herders who settled here around a hundred years ago. For centuries, many famous travelers, such as the Chinese envoy Zhang Quian (d. after 115 BCE), a famous Buddhist monk Xuanzang (d. 664 CE), or Marco Polo (1254-1323? Marco Polo, Le devisement du monde: Le livre des merveilles, ed. The Southern Xinjiang Railway branches from the Lanxin Railway near Turpan, follows the north side of the basin to Kashgar, and curves southeast to Khotan, while HotanRuoqiang railway loops around the south and west side of the Traim. In July the average air temperature is 77 F (25 C) in the eastern regions. These can live without water for months and store fluids inside the humps on their back. The World Heritage Centre is at the forefront of the international communitys efforts to protect and preserve. The presence of these mummies shows that the area could have been a melting pot of migrant people from different lands. ), among which the most famous is the beauty of Loulan about 3.8 thousand years. But once the gods were angry and decided to punish the robbers. The rivers draining the Kunlun Mountains penetrate about 60 to 120 miles (100 to 200 km) into the desert, gradually drying up in the sands. Thus, these ancient rare trees, which possess great resilience, can be regarded as an invalauble natural gene pool. Which of the following place Lord Mayo was assassinated? Climate: The Takla Makan is distinguished by its perpetually moving sand dunes, a number of that reach heights of over 109 yards. In addition, the more recent market-oriented rural reforms have encouraged a rapid expansion of herd sizes, which in turn have led to overgrazing and further intensified the desertification process. Since the place is arid and water is scarce, the Uyghurs have practiced irrigation to water their crops. A total of 395 vacancies have been released under the recruitment process of UPSC NDA 2. They bear genes that endows them with the adaptation to withstand chilling winters and broiling summers, aridity and waterlogging, saline-alkali concentrations. [3][4] Chinese scholars Wang Guowei and Huang Wenbi linked the name to the Tocharians, a historical people of the Tarim Basin, making the meaning of "Taklamakan" similar to "Tocharistan". "When I woke up one morning, I found I couldn't open the door because of the weight of sand that had accumulated overnight. Fossils of this kind of poplar tree have been discovered in the strata of the Tertiary Oligocene located at Kuqa Thousand-joss Cave and Dunhuang Blacksmith Grove. from the Swedish by J. T. Bealby, 2 vols., New York, 1899. The poplar tree ecosystem plays an important part in fixing sand dunes, holding back desertification, alleviating dust storms, conserving biodiversity and improving the environment. In the spring, when the surface sand becomes warm, ascending currents develop, and northeasterly winds become particularly strong. The Japanese anime Code Geass depicts a fictionalized version of Taklamakan Desert within the Chinese Federation, one of three superstates in the series. And of course, thanks for your sweat! It occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. They described their discovery of lost cities, buried beneath the sands alongside abandoned riverbeds. The desert is part of the Tarim Basin, which is 1,000 kilometres (620mi) long and 400 kilometres (250mi) wide. A. Mongolia The Taklimakan desert is one of the driest, most barren expanses on Earth. The average temperature of July is 25 , and that of January is about -9 ~ -10 . Ensuring that World Heritage sites sustain their outstanding universal value is an increasingly challenging mission in todays complex world, where sites are vulnerable to the effects of uncontrolled urban development, unsustainable tourism practices, neglect, natural calamities, pollution, political instability, and conflict. Property names are listed in the language in which they have been submitted by the State Party. It is crossed at its northern and at its southern edge by two branches of the Silk Road, by which travellers sought to avoid the arid wasteland. The concatenation of dunes leads to a system of longitudinal dunes mostly stretching from north to south. In the end, he lost seven camels and two of his escorts. The word may be a Uyghur borrowing of the Persian tark, "to leave alone/out/behind, relinquish, abandon" + makan. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The area of the nominated site is large enough to encompass a wide variety of vital ecological processes, particularly as the population in the nominated site is small and human beings have yet to have much impact on the natural ecosystem. The nominated area records the changing history of the Tarim River. D. China. 2023 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Mei-O Ren et al. Located inside the Tarim Basin, it is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains to the west, the Tian Shan range to the north, and the Gobi Desert to the east. , Gographie physique de la Chine, Beijing, 1989. According to the Census of India 2011, what is population percentage of ScheduledTribals in India? This is reputed to be the world's second largest shifting-sand desert covering an area of over 33, 700 square kilometers (over 13,000 square miles). At that time what was the age of Mahatma Gandhi? It is enclosed by the Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan to the west and north and Kunlun Mountains to the south and the Gobi Desert to the east. The Taklamakan Desert is an inhospitable approximately 1000x500 km (193,051 sq. It is composed of loose Quarternary alluvium sevral hundred metres thick and covered by up to 300 m of eolian sand (Petrov, 1975, p. 6). The dry and salty conditions of the Taklamakan desert preserved the bodies and their clothing as well as the artifacts they were buried with. Your email address will not be published. A. The arc-shaped Mazartag Mountains, located between the Hotan and Yarkand (Yeerqiang) river valleys, arch toward the southwest. Transportation across the shifting sands has remained hazardous, though roads exist surrounding the edge of the desert, and new ones have been built across the centre of the desert from Korla to Yutian in the south, near the Kunluns. Takla Makan Desert, Chinese (Pinyin) Taklimakan Shamo or (Wade-Giles romanization) Ta-ko-la-ma-kan Sha-mo, great desert of Central Asia and one of the largest sandy deserts in the world. Sufficient water is delivered downstream to maintain ecological processes and 0.2 million ha are irrigated. The Lop Nur lake in the eastern part of the desert is mostly fed by underground waters, and the extensive utilization of its tributaries for irrigation has gradually turned the lake into a vast flat salt depression. In 2001, a comprehensive management plan was complemented for the Tarim River drainage area for the possible construction of a major national project. The Tentative Lists of States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate harmonization of Tentative Lists at regional and thematic levels. TAKLAMAKAN (Uighur toponym probably derived from the Arabic tark, out, relinquish, and makan, place), the largest desert in China, and one of the largest deserts in the world. The most important stream is the Tarim river, swollen by the confluence of the Kashgar and Yarkand rivers in the west. Taklimakan Desert is a temperate desert, which belongs to typical continental climate. It is the world's second largest shifting sand desert. The Hotan and Keriya river valleys have survived up to the present day, but most of the shallower rivers have been lost in the sands, after which their empty valleys were filled by wind-borne sand. 99-112. In depressions among the sand dunes, where the groundwater lies no deeper than 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 metres) from the surface, thin thickets of tamarisk, nitre bushes, and reeds may be found. In the rivers themselves there are fish, for example, a floor, Akbalyk and Osman. As a teenager, Deokman returns to Silla and uses the knowledge and experience gained from life among international traders in the Taklamakan trading centers to gain the throne of Silla. The dunes in the Taklamakan come in various shapes including dome-shaped dunes, fish-scale-shaped dunes, pyramid-shaped dunes, crescent dunes, honeycomb-like dunes, beam-like dunes, composite longitudinal sand ridges, and dendritic dunes. It's the size of Germany in land area. It is the largest desert in Central Asia. It spans 37,000 square kilometers which makes it Chinas biggest desert. On his first expedition, which set out in 1900, Stein excavated several towns buried in the sands and retrieved a large amount of monumental Buddhist art. Because of human interference, poplar forests in many countries have been destroyed, leaving only sparse and degraded forests. A. India B. Pakistan C. China D. Iran - The Tarim Basin is the world's core area of these poplar trees which cover 352,200 ha, accounting for 90% of their total area in China and 54.29% of the global distribution. This is a very sandy desert. The desert is showcased in the Japanese animation Mobile Suit Gundam 00, set in the year 2307. shamo) cover 85 percent of the area. Author of. Diurnal temperature difference reaches over 40 . The Tarim River is the longest inland river of China, as well as being a famous river that flows into an arid basin. Most of the sands in the Takla-Makan desert have a golden color, but there are bright red sands. The gravel desert (Chin. Basically, the flora is located along the river channels. The desert is bordered by Therefore, preserving the poplar forest will play a key role in alleviating dust storms in the world. Image credit: TheDrive/Wikimedia Commons This vast desert sits right in the middle of the largest inland basin in Chinathe Tarim Basin. It lies immediately north of the Plateau of Tibet. Image credit: Wikimedia.org. Their principal plant produce includes corn, rice, wheat, cotton, and grapes. Alternate Spellings: Taklimakan and Teklimakan Lack of Rainfall [14] It is the world-s second-largest shifting-sand desert and 85% of its total area is composed of crescent-shaped dunes. Updates? II, pp. The largest natural poplar trees in the world occur in the Tarim River drainage area and large areas of undisturbed poplar forests have been preserved in this region. Candidates must go through the NDA1 previous year's papers. It forms an elliptical, semi-open basin in the Lop Nur marsh, at an altitude between 1,450 m in the west to 771 m in the east. The river gives its name to the great basin between the Tien Shan and Kunlun mountain systems of Central Asia. this is the correct anserw Advertisement Advertisement Jxyx Jxyx Answer: A is the answer. Therefore, poplar trees possess a powerful ecological ability to maintain water and soil, as well as withstanding storms and fixing sand dunes. https://www.britannica.com/place/Takla-Makan-Desert, Encyclopdia Iranica - Taklamakan Desert, China. The Chagos Island is an archipelago consisting of more than 60 islands lying in the territory of the Indian ocean. It is located about 320 km from the capital of Urumtsi province. The general slope of the plain is from south to north, and the rivers running off from the Kunlun Mountains flow in that direction. It is virtually barren thus devoid of abundant vegetation. Water is generally scarce in the desert, which is why only a few plants and animals live there. It is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan to the west and north and the Gobi Desert to the east. At the same time, desertification has been more intensive, biodiversity has been threatened, the ecological barriers against the desert has been weakened and environmental challenges such as airborne dust and dust storms have become more frequent, with implications for the development of human society and economy. Takla Makan Desert, Chinese (Pinyin) Taklimakan Shamo or (Wade-Giles romanization) T'a-k'o-la-ma-kan Sha-mo, great desert of Central Asia and one of the largest sandy deserts in the world. Dunes range in height from 60 feet (18m) up to as much as 300 feet (91m). Magnificent web site. These fossil trees have physiological characteristics that make them very hardy, enabling them to withstand both chilling winters and broiling summers, aridity, waterlogging and high saline-alkali concentrations. ), crossed this desert. The thick strata of moving sands, however, prevent the wider spread of this vegetation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); PakMcqs.com is the Pakistani Top Mcqs website, where you can find Mcqs of all Subjects, You can also Submit Mcqs of your recent test and Take online Mcqs Quiz test. The cyclonic flow causes frequent winds, violent sand storms, and suspended dust. Tian, p. 100) is dominated by reeds (phragmites) on the first terrace in the flood-plain, poplar (populus euphratica) woodlands on the second terrace, and mounds of withered shrubs of tamarix between moving sand dunes on the third terrace. Winters on the other hand can be cold with temperatures dropping down to extreme lows of 4 F (20 C). Lots of helpful info here. One of the largest deserts in the world, the Taklamakan Desert covers an area thats almost the size of Finland and is only slightly smaller than Germany. The Tarim River runs through the Taklimakan Desert and terminates at Lop Nur. The name is first mentioned as Terk-i Makan ( / trk mkan) in the book called Tevarih-i Muskiyun, which was written in 1867 in the Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang. Small, tufted larks and the Tarim jay are the most common birds. This kind of poplar tree has existed for more than 60 million years. Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China and second largest in the world. Buddhism reached East Asia in the first centuries ce over this great trans-Asian road, and most of Chinas foreign trade and other outside contacts came by this way as well. The distribution of Tarim poplar trees is mainly discontinuous in a corridor along the river banks. One notable resident of the Taklamakan is the long-eared jerboa. Taklamakan Desert is situated in Central Asia. The average height of sand dunes is 100-200m, maximum reaches 300m. Sand movements are frequent and intense throughout the year. [27], In May 2023, China announced that it would drill a hole to around 11 kilometres (36,000ft) depth to investigate the layers of crust in that area. The Taklamakan Desert is a desert in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China. The vast depression runs nearly 1,200 km from west to east, and is 400 km wide from north to south. Nowadays the treasures of the Taklamakan are petroleum and natural gas deposits. Winds from other directions also raise clouds of dust into the air, covering the Takla Makan with a shroud for almost the entire year. Another of the famous cities p. Takla-Makan-Kashgar. About four-fifths of the area consists of shifting sand dunes, which tend to self-organize into north-south running furrows about 100 m tall and tens of kilometers long. The desert has expanded and overlapped farms and villages due to . The Taklamakan stretches over 337,000 square kilometers in the centre of the Tarim basin. . There are more than ten belts of poplar forests of differing ages along both the south and north banks of the Tarim River in the nominated site. The Gobi is a semiarid desert, also known as a cold-winter desert. Corinne Debaine-Francfort and Abduressul Idriss, Keriya: Mmoires dun fleuve Archologie et civilization des oasis de Taklamakan, Paris, 2001; exhibition catalogue. [6], In folk etymology, it is said to mean "Place of No Return" or "get in and you'll never get out". Idem, Deserts of the World, New York, Toronto, Jerusalem., 1975. According to UNESCO, the continuously shifting nature of the sand in the desert has extended Taklamakan to about 100 km southward during the last thousand years. It also has the Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan (ancient Mount Imeon) to the West and the famed Gobi Desert to the East. The People's Republic of China has constructed two cross-desert highways. Moving deep into the deserts, you can find sandy dunes, rising by about 1 kilometer, and sand ridges with a height of nine hundred meters. of atlas. They also have heteromorphism (i.e. In the eastern and central parts of the desert, networks of hollow dunes and large, complex sand-dune chains predominate. George Kish, To the Heart of Asia: The Life of Sven Hedin, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1984. They are nocturnal and would spend the day hiding in underground burrows. Such a diversity in eolian features is a result of the complex wind conditions of the basin. Sven Hedin et al., Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899-1902, 8 vols., Stockholm, 1904-1907; 6 vols. Surya Kumar Yadav is related to which of the following sports? In July, the temperature can go as high as 113 degrees Fahrenheit; however, located on a plateau 910-1,520 meters above sea level, the Gobi is also no stranger to cold weather. In the north the sands of the Takla Makan form a clear boundary with the vegetated Tarim River valley. 122-32. 115-57. The annual precipitation is less than 100 mm, while evaporation reaches 2500-3400mm. Later, the presence of an underground city is revealed, where members of the Geass Order are being used by Emperor Charles zi Britannia and his consort Marianne vi Britannia to bring about the Ragnark Connection. The temperature of the autumn-winter period drops to minus twenty degrees of frost. [12] The withered poplar forest belts and living poplar belts alternate with each other, reflecting the vicissitudes of the Tarim River. Expanse of sand dunes, Takla Makan Desert, Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. It is called "Beauty of Loulan": Another mummy known as Cherchne man is supposedly 2 meters tall and can be seen in his European style tunic and tartan trousers. In Uigur language, Takla Makan means 'you can get into it . If you want to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the desert, come here is a good choice, there are endless . Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. In ancient times, it was precisely this desert that part of the Great Silk Road passed. Of the representatives of birds in the desert, you can find a whitetailed desert soyk, burgundy starlings, as well as a whiteheaded hawk. On the southern rim, several lesser streams such as the Khotan and the Keriya only flow in spring and early summer because they are fed by the melting snow and ice of the glaciers range. The desert has extended about 100 km southward during the last thousand years. The tributaries flow into the desert so that the natural vegetation can survive along their banks. Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate The nominated area has "living fossils" that date back to the Tertiary period. The Taklamakan Desert has very little water making it hazardous to cross. The Taklamakan Desert (/tk.l.mkn/; Chinese: ; pinyin: Tklmgn Shm, Xiao'erjing: , Dungan: ; Uyghur: , Tklimakan Qumluqi; also spelled Teklimakan) is a desert in Southwestern Xinjiang in Northwest China. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, a paramilitary organization, has built a vast water network in order to irrigate hitherto unused lands. The towering mountain ranges surrounding the Takla Makan on three sides and the daunting Gobi on the remaining side severely restricted access to a region that was already extremely hazardous to traverse. Thesegeneral knowledge questions are very important for all type of exams conducted by Fpsc, Nts, Kppsc, Ppsc, Spsc, Bpsc, Ots, Uts, Pts, Cts, Ats, etea and other testing agencies of Pakistan. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Tashkurghan. In which type of climatic region do Uttar Pradesh and Bihar fall as per Koppen's classification scheme? Herds of gazelles are found in open spaces, and there are wild boars in river-valley thickets. This vast desert sits right in the middle of the largest inland basin in Chinathe Tarim Basin. of text and 2 vols. It occupies the central part of the Tarim Basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, western China. Summers can be very hot in the Taklamakan with temperatures reaching 104 F (40 C). The distribution reflects the temperature, water and edaphic conditions and shows the narrow environmental conditions in which the poplars thrive. It is no surprise that plant life is scarce. The highest eolian topographic forms are the pyramidal dunes, rising 650 to 1,000 feet (200 to 300 metres). Some 90 miles (145 km) long and 2 to 3 miles (3 to 5 km) wide, and with a maximum height of 5,363 feet (1,635 metres), they rise an average of only 1,000 to 1,150 feet (300 to 350 metres) above the surface of the sandy plain. Hedins discoveries and maps stimulated and aided many others, including the German Albert von Le Coq, the American Langdon Warner, and the greatest of the archaeological explorers of the Takla Makan, Sir Aurel Stein. Winters are cold: in January the average air temperature is 14 to 16 F (10 to 9 C), and the lowest temperature reached in winter generally falls below 4 F (20 C). Poplar stands are an ecological barrier against dust storms. Both ranges are covered by a shallow mantle of eluvium and rock debris and have sparse, desert-type vegetation. Takla Makan Desert - Takla Makan Desert - Plant and animal life: Vegetation is extremely sparse in the Takla Makan; almost the entire region is devoid of plant cover. The largest and best formed example of original poplar forest in the world occurs in the Tarim River drainage area and it has suffered little from human interference and is well preserved in this region.
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