Activity 4: Monuments and Memorials The battles fiercest fighting took place near the Borden House. 1) one map of Prairie Grove Battlefield; Homes throughout the area were used as hospitals. Finally made a state park in 1971, Prairie Grove Battlefield Historic State Park continued to improve with the 1980 addition of the Borden House property, where some of the heaviest fighting occurred. Each wanted to use the region as the basis for attacks and as a source for supplies, including men, livestock, and agriculture. Curator Corner: 1-5 p.m., Sunday, July 9. Dred Scott decision After the interview, students should answer the following questions: Who did you interview? Nancy Morton Staples was 31 years old and living on the southwest side of the Prairie Grove Battlefield at the time of the conflict. Just after 5:00the Confederates launch one final attack to try and win the day but were driven back. At 4:00am on December 7, the Confederate army began to march north along Cove Creek Road. The families were ordered west to the first cellar, which was Morton's. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. [45] Only about 3,500 men, half of the men of the two divisions, were fit to take the field after the grueling march to reach the battlefield. Image source: PGBSP. [16] The risk was that Hindman might be caught between the two Union forces if Blunt found out what was happening. Why or why not? A large Disneyland theme park in Marne-la-Valle also is a significant tourist draw. Weer was forced to retreat, and Parsons began a counterattack. By looking at The Battle of Prairie Grove: Civilian Recollections of the Civil War, students learn about the violence of the Civil War through the eyes of young women whose homes were in the midst of an important battle and continuing conflict. Compromise of 1850 When the Yankees burned our house, they burned Uncle Ed's and Uncle Will's houses the same evening. Recommended Reviews [37], By the time Frost's 6,300-strong division reached Prairie Grove, Hindman had lost his nerve and set up a defensive line. [47], Confident after watching the result of the artillery bombardment, Herron sent his two brigades, commanded by Colonel William W. Orme and Lieutenant Colonel Henry Bertram, towards the Confederate line near a farm owned by Archibald Borden. The Battle of La Prairie was an attack made on the French colonial settlement of La Prairie, New France on August 11, 1691 by an English, Mohawk and Mohican force coming north from Albany, New York.The force, led by Major Pieter Schuyler, initially intended to attack Montreal, but was repulsed with significant casualties by the French and their Indian allies. [2], The portion of the state park within a 64-acre (26ha) triangle formed by North Road on the northwest and Highway 62 was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Standard G - The student identifies and interprets examples of stereotyping, conformity, and altruism. 3) To learn to analyze oral histories for content and reliability. 4. Join us online July 24-26! The Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is an Arkansas state park located in Prairie Grove. [61], Further down the line, Weer's Union brigade began advancing towards Parsons' line. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 125 Battlefield Acres in Virginia, Help Restore History at Gettysburg, Cold Harbor & More, Help Us Save Hallowed Ground in Tennessee and Kentucky, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Support the American Battlefield Protection Program Enhancement Act, Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History. There was a dead man across the cellar door, wounded and dying men all around. Recognized nationally as one of America's most intact Civil War battlefields, Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park protects the battle site and interprets the Battle of Prairie Grove, where on December 7, 1862, the Confederate Army of the Trans-Mississippi clashed with the Union Army of the Frontier in a day of fierce fighting resulting in about 2,700 casualties. Blunt knew that if Hindman continued to use Cove Creek Road, it would be easy for him to cut off the Confederate retreat route. Date of experience: July 2019. Upon receiving word, Herron set out from Springfield on December 4th. How long was it before Caldonia's memories were written down? These funds led to the construction of the stone archway at the park entrance, a wooden bandstand, and gravel driveway around 1925. Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is approximately twelve miles west of Fayetteville, Arkansas, on U.S. Highway 62 and is open year round from 8:00 a.m. until dark. Once students have completed their individual work, hold a class discussion of the following questions: How are oral histories a useful tool for understanding an event? This marked the last major Civil War engagement in northwest Arkansas. [29] In the early hours of December 6, Herron received a message from Blunt asking for cavalry. It was maintained by the UDC as a meeting spot and in commemorations of the battle for almost 50 years. Today, people in countries all over the world find themselves in the middle of other civil wars. Salomon's brigade stayed at Rhea's Mill guarding the wagon train. One soldier's leg was just hanging by the skin and the doctor cut it off and threw it outside. This page was last edited on 1 July 2023, at 00:46. Historic Events Associated with the Civil War What does it suggest about the army's priorities in this area? We hadn't had any breakfast, we were too excited to be hungry. Footsore Yankees advanced across open corn, wheat, and hay fields in the valley to face the Southern foe. By 10:00am Blunt had gotten his division marching north on Fayetteville Road. He believed that the nearest Union forces were near Springfield, but what he did not know was that Blunt anticipated the Confederate offensive and that Union reinforcements were approaching. We had the Yankees in the winter and the Bushwhackers in the summer. We had to hide out everything we could and then sometimes the Yankees found it. [68] Hindman had made his camp in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas, and Blunt and Herron reached Van Buren on December 29. [51] After the repulse of Bertram's attack, some of Orme's men joined in the fight, only to be driven off. The second Rebel counter attack marks the end of the battle on the east side of the ridge. How would you compare the tone of the three accounts? Theme III: People, Places, and Environment. The 20th Iowa and the First Indian Home Guard assaulted the Confederate line, only to be repulsed. Every purchase supports the mission. The messages included a situation report for Curtis in St Louis and an urgent request for Totten to send reinforcements. Included are diaries, documents, and letters from a variety of different women. Image source: PGBSP. The division also contained sizable numbers of African American and Native American soldiers, which made Blunt's division unique among Union units in 1862. Early in the morning of the December 7th, General Hindman moves north in an effort to intercept Herron. At the same time, oral histories are not textbooks, and should not be used as exact timelines of events. [36] During the early morning action, Marmaduke's horsemen inflicted casualties of 10 killed, 19 wounded, and 262 captured on the Union cavalry and seized 21 wagons. Examine Map 1. The Valley of the Shadow [54], After the defeat of Herron's division, Huston deployed some of his men into the fray. Put it in a movie, of course! Why? Only memories remain as testament to a battle that changed many families' lives forever. The South fell back during the night leaving the battlefield to the Union army. [15] Schofield's army was divided into three divisions, commanded by Blunt, James Totten, and Herron. Where did General Blunt sleep on the night of December 7, 1862? Have students determine what war memorials or grave sites for regiments, individuals, or battles exist in their community. Then have them examine the memorial, concentrating on the message it offers. It commemorates the Battle of Prairie Grove, fought December 7, 1862, during the American Civil War. He attempts to cross but is driven back by Confederate artillery. Using Setting the Stage, complete the following exercises. On your next visit to Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park, enjoy a walk to the Borden House and experience firsthand the stories these walls can tell you. [42], On December 7, the Confederate divisions of Shoup and Marmaduke aligned along the length of Prairie Grove. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. "Hindman's Grand Delusion". 4/2011 EarlyonthemorningofDecember7,1862,Confed- eratecavalryconfrontedandroutedtheadvanceunits ofUnionGeneralFrancisJ.Herron'sforceheadedto CaneHilltojoinGeneralJamesG.Blunt'scommand. When Shoup's 3,200 soldiers arrived at 10:00 am, Shoup assumed a defensive position on the high ground at Prairie Grove. Later in the day, Blunt arrived and attacked Hindman's flank. Why or why not? He had lain there all night when Eliza and Mary Borden, Martha Butler and myself got there. Curtis complied and was forced to abandon his plan, instead heading towards Little Rock, Arkansas. Historic artifacts help illustrate the many stories of Prairie Grove Battlefield. [7] However, on November 20, Schofield was forced to give up command of the army due to medical issues, and command passed to Brigadier General James G. All the implements we had were an old hoe and pieces of boards. Students can explore primary sources such as newspapers, letters, diaries, photographs, maps, military records, and much more. First Battle of Manassas Plans to restore the structure began immediately. [50] These reported totals may be too low, as slightly wounded soldiers were not often counted. Those interested in learning more will find that the Internet offers a variety of interesting materials. We lived in the house with the wounded for six weeks. 3. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. One division under Brig. [1] While the fighting was inconclusive, the Confederate withdrawal gave the Union a strategic victory. 2. This information was reported to Union headquarters, but Blunt was not there and the critical message was not forwarded for two hours. However, Hindman's plan would change. 8. Description and administrative history Dismayed by the arrival of Blunt to the northwest, Hindman orders the remainder of his army lead by General Frost north to the ridge. In addition, Confederate forces suffered from severe demoralization and lost many conscript soldiers during and after the campaign to desertion. [6] Curtis later formed the Army of the Frontier and appointed Schofield to command the new army on October 12. 4. In the cellar there were barrels of kraut, cider and cider vinegar, apples and potatoes, four men, seven women, and eight children. The entrance to Battlefield State Park is accessed off of Hwy 62. Just after 3 o'clock, Herron orders a second counter attack on the ridge led by Colonel Huston. On the 7th day of December, 1862, the advance guard met south of the grove, killing one man. Gen. Francis Herron was stationed around the Missouri capital of Springfield. Circle the Borden House, the West House, and the Morton House, the three homes most affected by the battle. The area of the region le-de-France is 12 012,27 km . Would this image be something that you might find in a textbook? Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park protects the battle site and interprets the battle there, the last major Civil War engagement in northwest Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. They choked my mother for screaming and abused us for looking out of the window. Battle of Prairie Grove re-enactments are held in Dec. of even numbered years. The Confederate artillery attempted to respond, but their cannons were of inferior quality and lacked the range to properly respond. Which of the three accounts you read seems the most reliable? The oldest and youngest were taken sick, the oldest dying one day after the battle, the other the next day. Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park 506 East Douglas Prairie Grove, AR 72753 (479) 846-2990 prairiegrove@arkansas.com For information on Arkansas's other fine state parks, contact: Arkansas State Parks One Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 (501) 682-1191 www.ArkansasStateParks.com As a part of its conservation mission, The site offers a unique perspective of two communities, one Northern and one Southern, and their experiences during the American Civil War. One division under Brig. Time period: Civil War Era, The Battle of Prairie Grove: Civilian Recollections of the Civil War relates to the following National Standards for History: The Battle of Prairie Grove: Civilian Recollections of the Civil War This battle marked the last major Civil War engagement in Northwest Arkansas. (You might consider each woman's age during the war, when their accounts were written, the level of detail, and the degree to which the speaker seems to take a particular side.) After Arkansas seceded from the Union, Southern forces won the initial battles in this area. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. How do you think the Morton family and the neighbors felt during the battle? Why or why not? Another shocking affair was my helping to bury Mr. Borden, a brother of A[rchibald] Borden, who was brutally killed in the Pittman lane. Box 944 Introduction of conscription There they repelled two bloody attacks by Brig. [1][66] The Confederates were forced to leave many of their dead on the field, and had to pile the bodies into heaps and surround them with makeshift barriers to keep feral pigs from eating the corpses. However, the families in Prairie Grove would forever remember the images of December 7th and the days that followed. 9. What river runs along the border of Arkansas? Admission to the museum is free. The park also has playground equipment, water fountains, bathroom facilities, and a mile-long paved walking trail for your familys outdoor fun. Around 9 am General Shoup arrives on the ridge and is informed that Herron is just across the river. Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park is nationally recognized as one of the most intact American Civil War sites. The opposing forces had previously fought several minor engagements in Missouri and Arkansas. A messenger from Blunt soon alerted Herron that his division was coming. Believing that Rhea's Mill was his destination, Wickersham turned his brigade onto Bottom Road. What would you have taken with you if you had been forced to hide in a cellar during a Civil War battle? Image source: PGBSP. [35] The Union 1st Arkansas Cavalry Regiment soon appeared on the Fayetteville Road and was also routed when the Missourians fled through their ranks and Shelby's Confederates charged into them, as was the 6th Missouri and 8th Missouri Cavalry Regiment (Union). Emancipation Proclamation Encourage students to share examples from their individual work. Arkansas's largest Civil War battle reenactment takes place at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park . At the Hindman Hall Museum, artifacts recovered from the battle are displayed. Such pitiful wails and cries that came from those poor men. [72] The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.[73]. You and your leashed pup can enjoy a walking tour of the battleground, a driving tour of the park, and many other opportunities to enjoy nature's beauty. 3 mi + Leaflet Click to view and interact with the map Full Map 1 Civil War | Cemetery Southern Memorial Association Summers, AR 2 Civil War | Museum Headquarters House Museum Fayetteville, AR We went to a neighbor's a mile away, taking what we could carry and some food. Though the battle ended as a stalemate, nightfall saw Hindman's force retreating, establishing Federal control of northwest Arkansas. [23][24] Holmes tried to dissuade Hindman from his plan to attack Blunt and the two generals engaged in an argument over the telegraph. Image source: PGBSP. Standard 2A- The student understands how the resources of the Union and Confederacy affected the course of the war. Join Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park as a volunteer on Park Day 2023, the American Battlefield Trust's annual hands-on event to help battlefields and historic sites take on maintenance projects large and small.
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