[57], "Latinoamrica" and "America Latina" redirect here. Sign up to receive AMI Perspectiva, our LatAm insights newsletter. Brazil has more than 1.7million km of roads, of which 215,000km are paved, and about 14,000km are divided highways. This was especially true for countries with strong presidential regimes, such as Brazil. France and Spain had supported the American Revolution that saw the independence of the Thirteen Colonies from Britain, which had defeated them in the Seven Years' War (175763). Schools became a means to instill in Cuban students messages of nationalism, solidarity with the Third World, and Marxism. Despite having benefited from the expansion of basic services a decade ago, they remain largely disenfranchised. ndice demogrfico de ruralidad (IDR) Panam, Infografa. Since the U.S. was embroiled in its own civil war, it could not hinder the French occupation, which it saw as a violation of the Monroe Doctrine, but the government of Abraham Lincoln continued to recognize the Republic of Mexico as the nation's government under President Benito Jurez. [21] Edward Shawcross summarizes Ardao's and Rojas Mix's findings in the following way: "Ardao identified the term in a poem by a Colombian diplomat and intellectual resident in France, Jos Mara Torres Caicedo, published on 15 February 1857 in a French based Spanish-language newspaper, while Rojas Mix located it in a speech delivered in France by the radical liberal Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao in June 1856". Settlement and economic development was largely coastal, the goal of sugar export to European markets. Get quick analyses with our professional research service. In New Spain, rich deposits of silver were found in northern Mexico, in Zacatecas and Guanajuato, outside areas of dense Indigenous settlement. The revolution was a huge event not only in Cuban history, but also the history of Latin America and the world. In Argentina, Juan Manuel Rosas and in Mexico Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna are exemplars of caudillos. Spanish and Portuguese are the dominant languages of the region, and Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. [209] In 2017 77% of Latin Americans with HIV were aware of their HIV status. He brought his unique style of expressionism and cubism to the collection of Ecuador artwork during the Age of Anger which relates to the period of the Cold War when the United States opposed communist presence in South America. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [185] [299] The seven largest airportswhich absorb 90% of air travelare (in order of air traffic): Mexico City, Cancn, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana, Acapulco, and Puerto Vallarta. Chile the 51st largest (US$28.3billion). The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Latin America" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. In renewable energies, in 2020, the country ranked 14th in the world in terms of installed wind energy (8.1 GW), 20th in the world in terms of installed solar energy (5.6 GW) and 19th in the world in terms of installed hydroelectric power (12.6 GW). From the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, homicide rates increased by 50 percent. Income and employment have largely recovered from the pandemic, and markets remain cautiously optimistic about the near future. Epidemics raged wherever intruders appeared; with their materials and techniques the Europeans were able to conquer whenever they felt it imperative to do so. The term's meaning is contested and not without controversy. Many regions of Spanish America that were not well supplied by Spanish merchants, such as Central America, participated in contraband trade with foreign merchants. Many thousands of remaining whites were executed on the orders of Dessalines. In Latin America there was increasing inequality, with political consequences in the individual countries. Ecuador, because it consumes little energy, is part of OPEC and was the 27th largest oil producer in the world in 2020, being the 22nd largest exporter in 2014.[327][328][329][273][317]. The value of the mRNA vaccine and therapeutics market in Latin America is forecast to reach around 1.62 billion U.S. dollars by the end of 2023. [109][110][111] Argentine Che Guevara was in Guatemala during the Arbenz presidency; the coup ousting Arbenz was instructive for him and for Latin American nations seeking significant structural change. An aspect of this has been the creation of the eight-member ALBA alliance, or "The Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America" (Spanish: Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra Amrica) by some of these countries. The World Bank annually lists the top manufacturing countries by total manufacturing value. Voters by state Voters by congressional district % of eligible voters who are Hispanic Related publications It may be subdivided on linguistic grounds into Spanish America, Portuguese America, and French America.[40]. When the U.S. acquired its southwest by conquest in the Mexican American War, Latin American populations did not cross the border to the U.S., the border crossed them. The cookie is used to store and identify a users' unique session ID for the purpose of managing user session on the website. One notable international conflict was the War of the Pacific from 1879 to 1884, in which Chile seized territory and resources from Peru and Bolivia, gaining valuable nitrate deposits and leaving Bolivia landlocked. Iturbide had no royal pedigree, so as a commoner he had no prestige or permanent legitimacy as ruler. "[331][330] Specifically, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, and Argentina received the most loans from China during 20052016. Crime-related violence is the biggest threat to public health in Latin America, striking more victims than HIV/AIDS or any other infectious disease. It received by far the largest number of international tourists, with 39.3million visitors in 2017, followed by Argentina, with 6.7million; then Brazil, with 6.6million; Chile, with 6.5million; Dominican Republic, with 6.2million; Cuba with 4.3million; Peru and Colombia with 4.0million. [272], In the production of coal, the continent had three of the 30 largest world producers in 2018: Colombia (12th), Mexico (24th) and Brazil (27th).[273]. [114] In February 1962, the U.S. pressured members of the Organization of American States to expel Cuba, attempting to isolate it. Austin: Population Research Center, University of Texas (2000), Young, Julia G. "Cristero Diaspora: Mexican Immigrants, The US Catholic Church, and Mexico's. AMI, the leading market intelligence firm for the energy sector in LAC. Since Venezuela and Ecuador consume little oil and export most of their production, they are part of OPEC. Sharenergy", "Boletim Mensal de Gerao Solar Fotovoltaica Setembro/2020", "RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021 page 41", "Annual production of oil and other liquids". AMIs social media feeds share our data-rich presentations, latest analysis pieces, incisive videos, news and studies from all over the region and much more. Green Left Weekly 1011 (2014): 18. [62] Uniquely in the hemisphere, the black victors in Haiti abolished slavery at independence. The population increase exponentially, with the majority being enslaved Africans. "[16], Historian John Leddy Phelan located the popularity of the term Latin America to be from the French occupation of Mexico. Introduction: Jewish Refugees' Lives in Latin America after Persecution and Impoverishment in Europe. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics. [191], Despite significant progress, education access and school completion remains unequal in Latin America. Populations were less dense and social and political hierarchies less institutionalized. From the early 1820s to 1850, the post-independence economies of Latin American countries were lagging and stagnant. The French also sought commercial ties to Latin America, to export luxury goods and establish financial ties, including extending foreign loans to governments, often in dire need of revenue. German is spoken in southern Brazil, southern Chile, portions of Argentina, Venezuela and Paraguay; Italian in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and Uruguay; Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian in southern Brazil and Argentina; and Welsh, in southern Argentina. The term does not have a precise definition, but it is "commonly used to describe South America, Central America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean. There is also a considerable infrastructure of ports and airports. Adding to this dispute was the almost inherited colonial-era conflict over its borders with Brazil. The country has great future potential for the production of wind energy in the Patagonia region. Not only do the people live in a large number of independent units, but the geography and climate of their countries vary immensely. In most of Spanish America, the Indigenous were the majority population. "[103] President Roosevelt himself attended the inaugural session of the hemispheric conference in Buenos Aires in 1936, where the U.S. reaffirmed the policy of non-intervention in Latin America and discussed the issue of neutrality for the hemisphere should war break out. In South America, Gran Colombia came into being, spanning what are now the separate countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru, with independence leader Simn Bolvar as head of state (181930). history of Latin America, history of the region from the pre-Columbian period and including colonization by the Spanish and Portuguese beginning in the 15th century, the 19th-century wars of independence, and developments to the end of the 20th century. After independence Spanish America and Brazil differed in their forms of state rule, with most of Spanish America becoming federated republics (with the exceptions of Cuba and Puerto Rico, which remained Spanish colonies), and Brazil becoming a monarchy ruled by the Brazilian branch of the Portuguese royal family. * You may publish the PDF and JPG . AMI provides valuable strategic market research and data intelligence to aid companies in selecting the optimal location, commercial structure, and partnership approach for a prosperous venture in the region. The Venezuelan capital of Caracas hosted the Ibero-American Forum on Cinematography Integration in 1989, from which the pan-continental IBERMEDIA was formed; a union which provides regional funding. The Mariel boatlift saw some 125,000 Cubans sail from the Cuban port of Mariel, across the straits to the U.S., where U.S. President Carter initially welcomed them. The peoples of this large area shared the experience of conquest and colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese from the late 15th through the 18th century as well as movements of independence from Spain and Portugal in the early 19th century. The efforts ultimately failed, most notably with Che Guevara in Bolivia, where he was isolated, captured, and executed. In Ecuador, while Quichua holds no official status, it is a recognized language under the country's constitution; however, it is only spoken by a few groups in the country's highlands. Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Uruguay remained neutral. Find out whats new on Freepik and get notified about the latest content updates and feature releases. [25] Two events related with the United States played a central role in both works. "The "diaspora politics" of Colombian migrants in the UK and Spain." The crown created the Repblica de indios[es] to paternalistically govern and protect Indigenous peoples. Even since independence, many of the various nations have experienced similar trends, and they have some awareness of a common heritage. Brazil has 44 international airports, such as those in Rio de Janeiro, Braslia, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Florianpolis, Cuiab, Salvador, Recife, Fortaleza, Belm and Manaus, among others. As of March 2, 2020, the population of Latin America and the Caribbean was estimated at more than 652million,[10] and in 2019, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of US$5,188,250trillion[11] and a GDP PPP of US$10,284,588trillion. The U.S. was concerned that foreign powers could support Spain in its attempts to reclaim its empire. When a Polish cleric became Pope John Paul II following the death of Paul VI, and the brief papacy of John Paul I, he reversed the progressive position of the church, evident in the 1979 Puebla conference of Latin American bishops. In his life, he made over 13,000 paintings and held more than 180 exhibitions all over the world, including Paris, Barcelona, New York, Buenos Aires, Moscow, Prague, and Rome. The 1970s and 1980s saw a large and complex political conflict in Central America. [47] By contrast, having no better prospects, the Spanish crown directed its energies to its New World territories. Foreign Direct Investment inflows to Latin America and the Caribbean rebounded in 2021 after dropping sharply the previous year. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Read now to learn more about: Air cargo capacity considerations Meeting sustainability goals Key logistics partner criteria In comparison with other developing regions, Latin America then had the highest level of educational inequality, which is certainly a contributing factor for its current general high inequality. Some Chinese immigrants who were excluded from immigrating to the U.S. settled in northern Mexico. [344], From the early twentieth century, the art of Latin America was greatly inspired by the Constructivist Movement. He was succeed six-years later by another conservative, Felipe Caldern (2006-2012), who attempted to crack down on the Mexican drug cartels and instigated the Mexican drug war . A report released in 2013 by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs entitled Inequality Matters: Report of the World Social Situation, observed that: 'Declines in the wage share have been attributed to the impact of labour-saving technological change and to a general weakening of labour market regulations and institutions. [360] A few examples are Caf Tacuba, Soda Stereo, Man, Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, Rita Lee, Mutantes, Secos e Molhados Legio Urbana, Tits, Paralamas do Sucesso, Cazuza, Baro Vermelho, Skank, Miranda!, Cansei de Ser Sexy or CSS, and Bajo Fondo. By the year 2010, an estimated 45 million indigenous people lived in Latin America, accounting for 8.3 % of the region's population. [78] In the absence of a charismatic figure who could represent a moderate face of power, during this period a series of localized rebellions took place, as the Cabanagem, the Mal Revolt, the Balaiada, the Sabinada, and the Ragamuffin War, which emerged from dissatisfaction of the provinces with the central power, coupled with old and latent social tensions peculiar to a vast, slave-holding and newly independent nation state. Significantly, democratic governments began replacing military regimes across much of Latin America and the realm of the state became more inclusive (a trend that proved conducive to social movements), but economic ventures remained exclusive to a few elite groups within society. This could be challenging since population is going towards the use of cryptocurrencies, as AMI data points out: The economic conditions in Argentina have made cryptocurrency popular and have increased its []. ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean, Regional Forum for Sustainable Development, Av. The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, a political and social uprising toppling the Bourbon monarchy and overturning the established order, precipitated events in France's rich Caribbean sugar colony of Saint-Domingue, whose black population rose up, led by Toussaint L'ouverture. Latin American Perspectives 34.4 (2007): 31-49. It was employed by the French Empire of Napoleon III during the French invasion of Mexico as a way to include France among countries with influence in the Americas and to exclude Anglophone countries. Labor was attracted from elsewhere[clarification needed] for mining and landed estates were established to raise wheat, range cattle and sheep. The country also stands out in hydroelectricity, where it was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed capacity in 2020 (16,5 GW). [72] In Brazil, because the ruler after independence was a member of the House of Braganza, and Portugal recognized political independence quite speedily, the Vatican appointed a papal nuncio to Brazil in 1830. Youll see useful information here soon. Home Regional helpdesks Latin America IP SME Helpdesk Latin America - Infographics Latin America - Infographics Industry infographics with basic figures, facts, tips and warnings about IP-related topics in Latin America. Cuba had lost its political and economic patron, the Soviet Union, which could no longer provide support. [This paragraph needs citation(s)], The industrial parks of Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile, however, present much greater diversity and sophistication, producing advanced technology items. Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Caribbean region had sedentary populations settled by Arawak or Tainos and in what is now Brazil, many Tupian peoples lived in fixed settlements. Latin America Infographics | Visual.ly Latin America Filter By : Mexico Port Analysis added by Tuscor Lloyds 408 2 Mexican Cartels: Sinaloa vs Los Zetas added by HSNews 18K 5 1 Latin America Workforce Mobility added by annikabrandow 173 1 Land Inequality in Latin America, an EU Affair Too! [192] Compared to prior generations, Latin American youth have seen an increase in their levels of education. In the new nation-states, conservatives favored the old order of a powerful, centralized state and continuation of the Catholic Church as a key institution. Crime and violence prevention and public security are now important issues for governments and citizens in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Chronologically, the Spanish American independence wars were the conquest in reverse, with the areas most recently incorporated into the Spanish empire, such as Argentina and Chile, becoming the first to achieve independence, while the colonial strongholds of Mexico and Peru were the last to achieve independence in the early nineteenth century. According to ECLACs latest report on capital flows to the region, the largest slowdown was observed in the corporate sector. In regions with dense Indigenous populations, they remained the largest percentage of the population; sugar-producing regions had the largest percentage of blacks. Following Vatican II (196265) called by Pope John XXIII, the Catholic Church initiated a series of major reforms empowering the laity. Allende and his coalition held power for three years, with the increasing hostility of the U.S. Many analysts[who?] A national constitution was not enacted until 1853, and reformed in 1860, and the country reorganized as a federal republic led by a liberal-conservative elite. Historian Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo explores at length the "allure and power" of the idea of Latin America. Reforms included land laws that threatened the interests of large foreign-owned enterprises, a social security law, workmen's compensation, laws allowing labor to organize and strike, and universal suffrage except for illiterate women. Mexico is possibly contains more Indigenous languages than any other Latin American country, but the most-spoken Indigenous language there is Nahuatl. [58][59][60], Despite the many commonalities of colonial Spanish America and Brazil, they did not think of themselves as being part of a particular region; that was a development of the post-independence period beginning in the nineteenth century. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, v. 1, 316-17. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, Argentina is the world's largest producer of, Chile is one of the five largest world producers of. Portugal officially recognized Brazil on August 29, 1825. General Santa Anna was elected president in 1833 and was in and out of office until 1854. ", "Brazilian onshore wind potential could be 880 GW, study indicates", "Nuclear Power in Brazil. [197] Many[who? In the food industry, in 2019, Brazil was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world. Apply Sustainable development and human settlements filter, Apply International trade and integration filter, Apply Production, productivity and management filter, Apply 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development filter, Apply Agriculture and rural development filter, Apply Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) filter, Apply Principle 10 - Escaz Agreement filter, Apply Social policies and programmes filter, Apply Regional integration and cooperation filter, Apply Innovation and export diversification filter, Apply Innovation, science and technology filter, Apply Fertility and reproductive health filter, Apply Women's political participation filter, Apply Information and communications technologies (ICTs) filter, Apply Institutional / Miscellaneous filter, Apply Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Regional Conference on Population and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development filter, Apply Conference on Science, Innovation and Information and Communications Technologies filter, Apply Ministerial Conference on the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Regional Conference on Social Development in Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Latin America and the Caribbean filter, Apply Saint Vincent and the Grenadines filter. Spanish colonists began founding permanent settlements in the circum-Caribbean region, starting in 1493. Colombia is one of the five largest producers in the world of coffee. The economy continued to depend on mineral exports and a large portion of the population reaped no benefits from the prosperity and modernity of some sectors. In 1981 FONCINE (the Venezuelan Film Fund) was founded, and this year it provided even more funding to produce seventeen feature films. Alliance Bioversity CIAT Posters, Presentations and Infographics . The U.S. directly intervened militarily, but not on a huge scale. Another is international movement of populations, often fleeing repression or war. [194], Among people between the ages of 13 and 17 years, only 80% are full-time students, and only 66% of these advance to secondary school. [198] There were a total of 63,880 murders in Brazil in 2018. According to the United Nations ECLAC, Latin America is the most unequal region in the world. ECLAC is an organization that conducts applied research of excellence and provides technical assistance to the governments of the region in order to formulate and monitor public policies. In Spanish America, local juntas also rejected Napoleon's brother as their monarch. As technology became more sophisticated, bulky agricultural products like wheat could be shipped on large ships at relatively low cost. This cookies is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos. Under these conditions, the influence of religious non-Catholics grew. It came to have about 100,000km of rails, but the lifting of tracks and the emphasis placed on motor transport gradually reduced it. [187] A number of Nazis escaped to Latin America, living under assumed names, in an attempting to avoid attention and prosecution. Venezuela, which was one of the world's largest oil producers (about 2.5 million barrels/day in 2015) and one of the largest exporters, due to its political problems, has had its production drastically reduced in recent years: in 2016, it dropped to 2.2 million, in 2017 to 2 million, in 2018 to 1.4 million and in 2019 to 877 thousand, reaching only 300,000 barrels/day at a given point. The U.S. was concerned with the spread of communism in Latin America, and U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower responded to the threat he saw in the Dominican Republic's dictator Rafael Trujillo, who voiced a desire to seek an alliance with the Soviet Union. Other influential Latin American sounds include the Antillean soca and calypso, Dennery segment which is a style of Soca music developed in Saint Lucia in the early 2010s which came from Kuduro music, Zouk influence and Lucian drums alongside lyrics usually sung in French Antillean Creole Kwyl, Bouyon music is a mixture of Soca, Zouk, and traditional genres native to Dominica which is sung in French Antillean Creole and is one of the most popular musical genres in Dominica, the Honduran (Garifuna) punta, the Colombian cumbia and vallenato, the Chilean cueca, the Ecuadorian boleros, and rockoleras, the Mexican ranchera and the mariachi which is the epitome of Mexican soul, the Nicaraguan palo de Mayo, the Peruvian marinera and tondero, the Uruguayan candombe and the various styles of music from pre-Columbian traditions that are widespread in the Andean region. Brazil's hydroelectric potential has not yet been fully exploited, so the country still has the capacity to build several renewable energy plants in its territory. [220], In the production of chicken meat, Mexico is among the ten largest producers in the world, Argentina among the 15 largest and Peru and Colombia among the 20 largest. [130], A number of movements have benefited considerably from transnational support from conservationists and INGOs. Wright, Thomas C., and Rody Oate Zniga. Minor blocs or trade agreements are the G3 Free Trade Agreement, the Dominican Republic Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA), the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Andean Community of Nations (CAN). Most notable were the MPLA during the Angolan Civil War and the Derg during the Ogaden War. facts. For discussion of major cities of Latin America and their histories, see specific articles by namee.g., Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, and Mexico City. Shifting Paradigms for Smarter Wastewater Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean". Latin American culture is a mixture of many influences: Beyond the tradition of Indigenous art, the development of Latin American visual art owed much to the influence of Spanish, Portuguese and French Baroque painting, which in turn often followed the trends of the Italians. Central America opted out of joining the new federated republic of Mexico, with no real conflict. [This paragraph needs citation(s)], As a consequence of the violent struggles for independence in most of Spanish America, the military grew in importance. Arguably, the Boom's culmination was Augusto Roa Bastos's monumental Yo, el supremo (1974). [149] Recent economic liberalisation also plays a role as not everyone is equally capable of taking advantage of its benefits.
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