To ensure the survival of the Benjamite tribe while still complying with their oath, the Levites pillage and massacre the city of Jabesh-Gilead, none of whose residents partook in the war or in the vow, and capture its 400 maidens as wives for the Benjamites. According to their conduct I will deal with them, and by their judgments I will judge them. gain access to 50+ premium resources to enhance your study of Scripture. It is considered one of the 16 historical book of the Bible. Szpek, Heidi M., "The Levites Concubine: The Story That Never Was", "Concubine of a Levite: Midrash and Aggadah", "Compulsory Heterosexuality in Biblical Narratives and their Interpretations: Reading Homophobia and Rape in Sodom and Gibeah", Journal for the Academic Study of Religion, "Vengeance and Vindication in Numbers 31", "Voices of Outrage against Rape: Textual Evidence in Judges 19", "Without a voice, with a violated body: Re-reading Judges 19 to challenge gender violence in sacred texts", "Strong's Hebrew: 2181. No less than 20 of these instances are found in the book of Judges. 12The Ephraimite forces were called out, and they crossed over to Zaphon. (Z) They did not enter the territory of Moab, for the Arnon was its border. Only the men ever speak, even though the story is centered around a woman. Ehud said he had a secret message for Eglon and drove a blade into his stomach. 2. After Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, Joshua led them into the promised land. 7. The whole account is highly ironic: the Israelites set out to avenge the rape of one woman, only to authorize the rapes of six hundred more. Now why have you come up today to fight me?. Verse Concepts. And they will know that I am the Lord.. An angel came to him and called upon him to "save Israel from the hand of Midian." With the help of God, Gideon goes on to destroy the Altar of Baal and miraculously defeat the army of Midian with only 300 men. 12And Elon the Zebulonite died, and was buried in Aijalon in the country of Zebulun. In the end, Israel didnt need a judge or a king to save them they needed a Messiah. Therefore, they instructed the children of Benjamin, saying, "Go, lie in wait in the vineyards, and watch; and just when the daughters of Shiloh come out to perform their dances, then come out from the vineyards, and every man catch a wife for himself from the daughters of Shiloh; then go to the land of Benjamin. It is thought by most theologians that the Angel of the Lord was none other than Christ himself. NIV, Verse Mapping Bible, Comfort Print: Find Connections in Scripture Using a Unique 5-Step Process, NIV, Story of Jesus: Experience the Life of Jesus as One Seamless Story, NIV, The Story: The Bible as One Continuing Story of God and His People, NIV, Lucado Encouraging Word Bible, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV, The Woman's Study Bible, Full-Color, Red Letter: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation, NIV, Beautiful Word Bible Journal, Galatians, Paperback, Comfort Print. 13. His wife Achsah was given to him for conquering a city called Debir. 8After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem(I) led Israel. He led Israel eight years. [20] The woman stands apart from the other characters in the story by not being given a name or voice. 3When I saw that you wouldnt help, I took my life in my hands(D) and crossed over to fight the Ammonites, and the Lord gave me the victory(E) over them. In chapter 3 an explanation is given as to why the Canaanites had not been annihilated and were allowed to remain with the Israelites: they enabled the Israelites to be tested in the techniques of warfare; the Philistines, for example, had a monopoly on the smelting of iron in the areaand the iron used in their weapons was far superior to the bronze used by the Israelites for their swords, shields, and armamentsuntil the secret had been wrested from them by the first king of Israel, Saul, in the latter part of the 11th century bce. This article will tell you everything about eunuchs in the Bible, Say thanks with 20 Bible verses. Sign up for a free PRAYaccount and youll begin receiving our Weekly Wisdom Devotionals, sent to your inbox every Tuesday. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org, Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come near, for the, Aaron shall carry the names of the sons of Israel in the breastpiece of judgment over his heart when he enters the holy place, for a memorial before the, You shall put in the breastpiece of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be over Aarons heart when he goes in before the. 2). For less than $5/mo. J. P. Fokkelman argues that Judges 19:1114 is a chiasm, which hinges on the Levite referring to Jebus as "a town of aliens who are not of Israel". Chapters 17-21 in this book are probably the most depressing in all the Bible. Ehud, who had hidden a sword under his garments on his right side so that when a search of his person was made it would be overlooked, brought tribute to Eglon, the Moabite king. [13], According to the Book of Judges 20:1518, the strength of the armies numbered 26,000 men on the Benjamin side (of whom only 700 from Gibeah), and 400,000 men on the other side.[14]. ), Ehud (1316-1237 B.C. (AZ), 36My father, she replied, you have given your word to the Lord. A Levite from the mountains of Ephraim had a concubine, who left him and returned to the house of her father in Bethlehem in Judah. Caught between the two bands, Jaba's residents were all massacred in the El Merj fil Moonka plain, which is located between Jaba' and the beginning of the Wady Bab esh Shab. This is buttressed by the observation that the word 'neerah' can be translated as 'newly married woman'. 16:14). English Standard Version. The episode of the Levite's concubine, also known as the Benjamite War, is a biblical narrative in Judges 19-21 (chapters 19, 20 and 21 of the Book of Judges).It concerns a Levite from Ephraim and his concubine, who travel through the Benjamite city of Gibeah and are assailed by a mob, who wish to gang-rape the Levite. If you take me back to fight with the Ammonites and the Lord gives them to me, I will be your leader." 10 The leaders of Gilead said to Jephthah, "The Lord will judge any grievance you have against us, if we do not do as you say." 11 So Jephthah went with the leaders of Gilead. After the death of Joshua and his generation, the Israelites' knowledge of God also died (Judges 2:10). Copyright 2019 by Zondervan. He judged Israel for seven years. For there thrones were set for judgment,The thrones of the house of David. Then the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come near, for the Lord your God has chosen them to serve Him and to bless in the name of the Lord; and every dispute and every assault shall be settled by them. Anticipating another victory, they were unaware of the trap that had been set as the confederated Israelites appeared to retreat and the Benjaminites were drawn away from the city to the highways in pursuit, one of which goes up to Bethel and the other to Gibeah. You are not going to get any inheritance in our family, they said, because you are the son of another woman. 3So Jephthah fled from his brothers and settled in the land of Tob,(E) where a gang of scoundrels(F) gathered around him and followed him. According to their conduct I will deal with them, and by their judgments I will judge them. DO NOT READ THIS BOOK WHEN DISCOURAGED! These judges start off fairly well (Othniel, Ehud, Deborah) but become increasingly worse (Gideon, Jephthah, Samson). The second section gives the Deuteronomic interpretation of the consequences of such a policy: they forsook the Lord, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt; they went after other gods, from among the gods of the peoples who were round about them; and they provoked the Lord to anger. Kishon River and Megiddo Springs: area where God swept away Barak's enemies by way of a heaven sent flood, 7. Ehud then said to the King, I have a message from God to you, assassinated him, locked the doors to the chamber, and escaped. You shall put in the breastpiece of judgment the Urim and the Thummim, and they shall be over Aarons heart when he goes in before the Lord; and Aaron shall carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the Lord continually. ), Deborah (1237-1198 B.C. ), Jair (1126-1105 B.C. [21] Madipoane Masenya writes, it appears that she was not an ordinary pilegesh. Heaven, like the military here on earth, is still looking for a few good men (and women). He turns his concubine over to the crowd, and they rape her until she . Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God. Manoah: father of Samson who was told by an angel that his unborn son would be raised as a Nazarite, 10. 10. 3. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. This was the key to his strength and also his Achilles heel.. The following phrase is found four times in Judges: In those days there was no king in Israel, but every man did that which was right in his own eyes (17:6, see also 18:1; 19:1; 21:25). Did he ever quarrel with Israel or fight with them? Judges 12 New International Version Jephthah and Ephraim 12 The Ephraimite forces were called out, and they crossed over to Zaphon. The Book of Judges also has a few other important leaders, including Barak. (M) He led Israel eight years. B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; Explore perspectives on when & where it is & how to get there. [20], In 1875, the Palestine Exploration Quarterly published an account of a similar tale that was related by an elderly Arab fellah from Jaba'. Then they went and returned to their inheritance, and they rebuilt the cities and dwelt in them. 8 years Judg 12:13-15: 12. [8][a], A linguistic study by Chisholm reveals that the central part in the Book of Judges (Judges 3:716:31) can be divided into two panels based on the six refrains that state that the Israelites did evil in Yahwehs eyes:[10], Furthermore from the linguistic evidence, the verbs used to describe the Lords response to Israels sin have chiastic patterns and can be grouped to fit the division above:[12], This chapter contains the Jephthah's Narrative, which can be divided into 5 episodes, each with a distinct dialogue, as follows:[13][14], This section contains the fifth (the final) episode in the Jephthah Narrative. Samson. He sacrificed his daughter because of his vow.. After reading the chapter, one cannot help but be struck by the wickedness of the people . All thats known about him is that he was from the tribe of Zebulun, and his name means a type of tree either an oak or terebinth., Abdon was probably a very wealthy judge because all we know about him is that he had 40 sons and 30 grandsons who rode on 70 donkeys. This article will teach you the history of the word. The Israelites were saved from their enemies by these brave men and women, and they were led back to God by them., In the Book of Judges, we find several chapters dedicated to some of the more famous judges like Gideon and Samson while others only get a paragraph. 9:27-10:1; 16:13). [17], Elon was succeeded by Abdon, the son of Hillel, a Pirathonite, of the tribe of Ephraim, who had forty sons and thirty grandsons, and judged Israel for eight years, restoring order in the central area of Israel in the aftermath of the civil war involving Jephthah and the Gileadites. 7Jephthah led[a] Israel six years. (zanach) reject", The Levite's Concubine: The Story That Never Was, Her profile in the Jewish Women's Archive, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levite%27s_concubine&oldid=1161629824, Bohmbach, Karla G. "Conventions/Contraventions: The Meanings of Public and Private for the Judges 19 Concubine. 9. He is introduced in chapter 6 of the book while he was harvesting wheat and hiding from the Midianites. Gideon (/ d i n /; Hebrew: , Modern: Gdn, Tiberian: Gn) also named Jerubbaal and Jerubbesheth, was a military leader, judge and prophet whose calling and victory over the Midianites are recounted in Judges 6-8 of the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible.. Gideon was the son of Joash, from the Abiezrite clan in the tribe of Manasseh and lived . He freed Israel from the oppression of King Cushan-Rishathaim. [21] A woman from Bethlehem, she grew up in a family-centered, agrarian society soon after the death of Joshua (Judges 1:1). What? They formed into formation as before and the rebelling Benjaminites went out to meet them. (D) 2Gileads wife also bore him sons, and when they were grown up, they drove Jephthah away. We will burn your house over you with fire." 2 And Jephthah said to them, "I and my people had a great dispute . [4] The Levite travelled to Bethlehem to retrieve her, and for five days her father managed to persuade him to delay their departure. ), Abdon (1065-1058 B.C. His wife Achsah was given to him for conquering a city called Debir. [13][14] As with Gideon in Judges 8:13, the Ephraimites complained that they had not been asked to join in the battle (so they could also enjoy the spoils), but this time it ended in a civil war, which the Gileadites, unified by Jephthah, had upperhand. 20 At Peace: Judges 13:1-16:31 . His father was Gilead; his mother was a prostitute. In spite of the Israelites repeated apostasy, such leaders, under the guidance and spiritual powers granted to them by Yahweh, were able to lead their tribes in successfully defeating or driving back their opponents. When he died, he was buried in Aijalon in the territory of Zebulun. Samson: Israel's thirteenth judge who killed 1000 Philistines but was himself done in by a woman, 11. Judges thus can be summarized by four words: Sin: Israel turns from the living God, Slavery: God allows pagan nations to occupy the land, Supplication: Israel forsakes its sin and prays for deliverance, Salvation: God graciously raises up judges to deliver Israel. He led Israel for 23 years. Othniel, a member of the tribe of Caleb, delivered the erring Israelites from eight years of oppression by Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia. Do you indeed speak righteousness, O gods. 14:18-20). To whom? So the congregation sent out there twelve thousand of their most valiant men, and commanded them, saying, "Go and strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children. The reason? 10Then Ibzan died and was buried in Bethlehem. A strength to those who repel the onslaught at the gate. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand. This book records the military activities of 12 men and one woman designated as Judges and raised up by God to deliver the people of Israel from their sufferings caused by their sin and following their repentance. we will burn thine house upon thee with fire. So the children of Israel departed from there at that time, every man to his tribe and family; they went out from there, every man to his inheritance. 29) referred to a success and a reward, the scene of which was to be this world, the Master now continues his promises of reward to his chosen faithful followers - a reward which will be their blessed portion in eternal life, which will .
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