The results partly reflect how large all of these specific sectors are rather than the linkages that they create with the rest of the economy. The Namibian SAM has 32 commodity sectors, including three dummy sectors for own real estate services, direct foreign purchases by Namibians, and direct domestic purchases by foreigners. The usual disclaimers apply. However, it is also of interest to know whether or not these effects on the surrounding economy are widely dispersed among other sectors. Historically, diamond mining has been the leading sub-sector of Namibia's mining industry. In order to assess the degree to which multiplier effects are dispersed among other sectors, one can calculate the backward and forward coefficients of variation, defined as facts. The country is also busy finalizing an Investment Bill that aims to help attract both foreign and domestic investment in key economic sectors. The average backward multiplier of sector j is given by b V In the size-weighted case, the results show the current importance of each sector as a whole in terms of overall employment and labor income in the economy, respectively. Moodys Analytics. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key productive sectors for the Namibian economy. There are nine institutions, comprising six household categories, non-profit organizations, enterprises, and government. . Although tourism accounted for less than 3% of GDP in 2002, it grew is the total expenditure of sector i, Lenzen [12] provides a useful overview of the pros and cons of the various approaches; we follow the approach that Lenzen actually uses in that paper for his own analysis, but note that his discussion can also be interpreted in favor of using other approaches. b /n, i 05/29/2023 . Nrregaard Rasmussen P: Studies in inter-sectoral relations. wildlife and striking scenery. V Mining accounts for about 12.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. The main source of data for this analysis was the Namibian SAM for 2004 [8] developed by researchers at the Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU). News in brief: More energy stories from around the world. Augustinovics M: Methods of international and intertemporal comparison of structure. Sectors with It has 2.1 million inhabitants and a gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately US$12.5 billion, with per capita annual income registered at almost US$6,000. Econometrica 1958, 26: 487521. b A five-year Millennium Challenge Corporation compact ended in September 2014. 1 j i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Business Solutions including all features. important Namibian industry. Sectors with widely dispersed backward effects but with limited or no forward effects are mostly those that draw widely on domestic inputs but sell mainly to export markets or to tourists visiting Namibia. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, obscures one of the world's most unequal income distributions; the current government has prioritized exploring wealth redistribution schemes while trying to maintain a pro-business environment. Mining is a key sector for labor income, while Commercial agriculture: animal products is a key sector for employment. Marine diamond mining is increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. Angola 1,427 km, Botswana 1,544 km, South Africa 1,005 km, Zambia 244 km, suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est. Z Thus, there are no forward linkages from this sector except through the food recipients consumption, and there is no interaction with the other food sectors. due to Namibia's late independence, there is a substantial need to catch up in creating a Namibian identity. q Economy & Politics International Total population of Namibia 2021, by gender Published by Aaron O'Neill , Jun 1, 2023 This statistic shows the total population of Namibia from 2011 to 2021. This allows us to determine weighted backward and forward linkages 1 Einar Harks, Copenhagen; 1956. j j = Spending on inputs from sector j as share of sector is overall expenditure, Normalized forward multiplier of sector i, Forward multiplier of sector i, weighted by its share of overall factor income, Forward multiplier of sector i, weighted by employment or labor income, Forward multiplier of sector i, weighted by employment or labor income and by share of overall factor income, Normalized backward multiplier of sector j, Backward multiplier of sector j, weighted by its share of overall net final demand, Backward multiplier of sector j, weighted by employment or labor income, Backward multiplier of sector j, weighted by employment or labor income and by share of overall net final demand, Forward coefficient of variation of sector i, Normalized forward coefficient of variation of sector i, Backward coefficient of variation of sector j, Normalized backward coefficient of variation of sector j, Total revenue and expenditure of sector i, Z Matrix of monetary flows in the economy, Sector is spending on inputs from sector j, Sector js share of overall net final demand, Sector is share of overall factor income. 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Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/510204/share-of-economic-sectors-in-the-gdp-in-namibia/, Namibia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2011 to 2021, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Total population of Namibia 2021, by gender, Median age of the population in Namibia 2020, Gross domestic product (GDP) in Namibia 2028, Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Namibia 2028, Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Namibia 2028, Namibia: Share in global GDP adjusted for PPP 2028, Share of economic sectors in the GDP in Namibia 2021, Employment by economic sector in Namibia 2021, Labor force participation rate in Namibia 2021, National debt of Namibia in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) 2028, Ratio of military expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Namibia 2021, Ratio of government expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) in Namibia 2028, Namibia's budget balance in relation to GDP 2028, New cases of COVID-19 worldwide from January 23, 2020 to June 13, 2023, by day, Share of economic sectors in the GDP in Andorra 2017, Employment in agriculture by region in Africa 2020, GDP distribution in Uzbekistan 2016-2021, by sector, GDP growth rate in Ghana 2019-2023, by economic sector, Greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector in Finland 1990-2020, Industry revenue of non-ferrous metal production and processing in Washington 2012-2024, Industry revenue of manufacture of other tanks, reservoirs and containers in Estonia 2012-2025. Ministry of Labour (2006) Labour force survey 2004. Thus, transport and communications, identified as a sector for policy support, is indeed a key sector, according to our analysis. Years of white rule have resulted in one of the most q In 2022, of the total taxes from the mining industry, 55% came from the diamond sector. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. = statement and i Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Apr 14, 2023 The growth of the real gross domestic product in Namibia was forecast to decrease between 2023 and 2028 by in total 0.2 percentage points. i / As regards factor accounts, five exist for income to skilled labor, income to unskilled labor, mixed income to commercial agriculture, mixed income to communal agriculture, and capital income, respectively. Led by the diamond industry, the GDP grew The study examines the sectors' governance structure and the evolution of fishery stocks and assesses the performance of the sector in terms of catch effort, sectoral contribution to GDP, employment, and contribution to international trade. Apart from subsistence agriculture, informal economic activity is not included in the SAM. Last published date: 2022-10-03 Namibia has a population of 2.5 million, but with the completed expansion of the port at Walvis Bay, the country is positioning itself as a gateway to more than 345 million people in the broader Southern Africa market and beyond. =n The Forum for Expert on Social Protection recently held a webinar on the 'Impact of Covid-19 on the Informal Economy in Namibia'. The Namibian economy is highly trade-dependent, and even those sectors which are identified as having stronger-than-average linkages to the rest of the economy may be relatively weakly linked in absolute terms. policies committed to the development of previously neglected regions of ), 5.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est. i j / PubMedGoogle Scholar. Mining accounts for about 12.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Backward linkages pertain to the dependence of a given economic activity on inputs produced from other activities, whilst forward linkages relate to a given economic sectors role in supplying inputs to other sectors. j B Hirschman A: The strategy of economic development. Mining, Manufacturing of beverages and other food processing and Government services are crucial for overall output in the economy. B j , South Africa. ), about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other indigenous ethnic groups include Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, San 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%, Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 Indo-European languages (2011 est. Z Namibias new development policy frameworks (the Industrial Policy 2012 and the Fourth National Development Plan) are premised on a targeted sectoral approach. and q Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. / 10.2307/1907514, Article Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa, slightly more than half the size of Alaska, desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic, mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east, highest point: Konigstein on Brandberg 2,573 m, diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish, arable land 1%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 46.2%, population density is very low, with the largest clustering found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola, limited natural freshwater resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas, first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip, Oshivambo languages 48.9%, Nama/Damara 11.3%, Afrikaans 10.4% (common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population), Otjiherero languages 8.6%, Kavango languages 8.5%, Caprivi languages 4.8%, English (official) 3.4%, other African languages 2.3%, other 1.7%, Christian 80% to 90% (at least 50% Lutheran), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%. "Namibia: Share of economic sectors in the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2011 to 2021." j May 10, 2023. Abstract The present paper presents key sector research for the Namibian economy, based on input-output and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) analyzes. sector or informal economy in the Namibian Constitution as pointed out in the 2016/17 Namibia Informal Economy Case Study Report produced by the Ministry of Labour.3 The concept of 'informal sector' or 'informal economy' similarly does not feature in the Social Security Act (No.34 of 1994). Agriculture has a small contribution to GDP (around 5 %), but it employs about 30 % of the total labor force. j Namibias economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Current efforts to increase the share of indigenous Raising the Namibian tertiary education system's 10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01208.x, Oosterhaven J: Leontief versus Ghoshian price and quantity models. i N and Edited by: Leontief W. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 1977:4956. well the fact of contribution to the Namibin GDP is clear set up - my question will be: can one determine how much does Tourism SME contribution to the Namibian GDP. = Growth in 2022 reached 3.5%, driven by mining (especially the growth of diamond production), manufacturing, and the continued recovery of services. = 13, 2023, by day. ), 1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007), Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2013), 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012), concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river. q Terms and Conditions, Namibia's economic freedom score is 57.7, making its economy the 102nd freest in the 2023 Index. VAN WYK], National Society for Human Rights or NAMRIGHTS, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a golden-yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green; red signifies the heroism of the people and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all; white stands for peace, unity, tranquility, and harmony; blue represents the Namibian sky and the Atlantic Ocean, the country's precious water resources and rain; the golden-yellow sun denotes power and existence; green symbolizes vegetation and agricultural resources, oryx (antelope); national colors: blue, red, green, white, yellow. The webinar was aimed to cross-examine how the . Exchange rates have remained steady, while inflation in food and fuel prices has eased. j / FDI Inflow: Public Debt: 72.0%. Economy of Namibia Nominally, Namibia is a lower-middle-income economy with a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) that is significantly above average for countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Three-fourths of Namibia's imports originate there, and i To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Both the Environmental Assessment Policy (1995) and the . United Nations Studies in methods: handbook of national accounting, series F 74. i with that of South Africa; Namibia gained independence from South Africa democratically elected government is following pragmatic economic This means that the entry of a single new company or the exit of an old one could change the structure of a sector enough to shift it from one category in the analysis to another. Economic conditions in Myanmar have stabilized in the first half of 2023. j i = Hewings GJD: The empirical identification of key sectors in an economy: a regional perspective. key figures Land area, thousands of km2: 823 Population, thousands (2000): 1 757 GDP per capita, $ (2000): 1 955 Life expectancy (1995-2000): 45.1 Illiteracy rate (2001): 17.3 NAMIBIA, A MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRYwith an income Namibia enjoys one of the most stable and peaceful political environments in Africa. Yet Namibia has one of the most unequal income distributions on the African continent, with a Gini coefficient of 0.63. There are 30 activity sectors, including two dummy accounts for own real estate services and for foreign tourism. National Planning Commission, Government of the Republic of Namibia, Windhoek, Chenery B, Watanabe T: International comparisons of the structure of production. There is some debate among practitioners about which approach to use for forward linkages (see e.g. Namibia's economy is dependent on a few primary commodity exports, including minerals (diamonds, uranium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten), livestock (both meat and hides), and fishing. Join your colleagues in participating in this NamDeb, a 50:50 joint venture between the Namibian government and De Beers, is the primary land-based diamond mining company. Struct Chang Econ Dyn 2003, 14: 134. The SAM was transformed into a symmetric, 3131, activity-based inputoutput table with 28 domestic activity sectors and a dummy own real estate services sector, a dummy tourism sector, and a dummy sector for petroleum-based fuels as additional sectors. For the employment multipliers, data from the 2004 labor force survey were used [15]. i Renewables made up 30% of total electricity supply last year, the report . exclusive survey of global business confidence. I The government indicated it wished The largest part of the economic contribution from agriculture is from relatively large, commercial farms, but traditional subsistence farming remains crucial for supporting a large share of the population.