[69] Modern-day cultivated Cucurbita are not found in the wild. Im not about to disabuse myself of this notion just because a bunch of botanists cant make up their minds. Summer squash, shrubby plant, with yellow, golden, or white fruit which is long and curved at the end and generally has a verrucose (wart-covered) rind. Autumn Gold is easy to grow from seed. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. C. moschata cultivars are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than cultivars of C. maxima or C. pepo. [88] In addition to being the 4th largest producer of squashes in the world, the United States is the world's largest importer of squashes, importing 271,614 metric tons in 2011, 95 percent of that from Mexico. and the elongated Dickinson pumpkin. [12][80][81] During the same time frame, average rind thickness increased from 0.841.15 millimeters (132364in). Cucurbita macrocarpa Gasp. Its icky. [150], In Mexico, herbalists use C.ficifolia in the belief that it reduces blood sugar levels. Seed Type. [8] This term would likely have been used by the Wampanoag people (who speak the Wpanak dialect of Massachusett) when introducing pumpkins to English Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony, located in present-day Massachusetts. The largest pumpkins are varieties of C. maxima and may weigh 34 kg (75 pounds) or more; the most massive pumpkins ever grown have exceeded 907 kg (2,000 pounds). Also Autumn Gold seeds can be roasted for a crunchy, nutritious snack. Ukraine and Russia each produced about one million tonnes. Autumn Gold has been "judged the best" by horticultural experts across North America. Characteristics of xanthomonas cucurbitae isolates from pumpkins and survival of the bacterium in pumpkin seeds. The British then changed the word to. ), fusarium wilt (Fusarium spp. The term "pepo" is used primarily for Cucurbitaceae fruits, where this fruit type is common, but the fruits of Passiflora and Carica are sometimes also pepos. [a] Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus Lagenaria, which is in the same family and subfamily as Cucurbita, but in a different tribe. [20] Although larger modern pumpkin cultivars are typically excluded as their weight may damage the other crops. [136], In 1952, Stanley Smith Master, using the pen name Edrich Siebert, wrote "The Marrow Song (Oh what a beauty!)" Competitively grown specimens are therefore often hand-pollinated to maximize the number of seeds in the fruit, which increases the fruit size; this pollination requires skilled technique. They are about 1.5cm (0.5in) long, flat, asymmetrically oval, light green in color and usually covered by a white husk, although some pumpkin varieties produce seeds without them. [48] Heavy metal contamination, including cadmium, has a significant negative impact on plant growth. They are variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd, depending on species, variety, and local parlance. Up to 40 pounds. [84][85] The English word "squash" derives from askutasquash (a green thing eaten raw), a word from the Narragansett language, which was documented by Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, in his 1643 publication A Key Into the Language of America. . Cultivated Cucurbita species were derived from the first group. Pumpkins are commonly grown for human consumption, for decoration, and also for livestock feed. Common names can differ by location. About 60 years later, Roger Dickinson and his two sons acquired Eureka's first canning factory. each, 3 to 5 pumpkins per vine, Standard Orange (Small) All 2 to 5 pounds, 100 to 110 days to harvest, Baby Bear (small, flattened shape; fine stem) Baby Pam; Oz (hybrid, semi-bush; very smooth skin, heavy stem, immature yellow color) Small Sugar or New England Pie (the standard pie type) Spooktacular (hybrid; bright orange; ribbed; strong stem) Sugar Treat (hybrid; semi- bush; bright color) Winter Luxury (old variety, good for cooking; unique netted skin), Standard Orange (Intermediate) All 8 to 15 pounds, 100 to 110 days to harvest, Autumn Gold (hybrid, yellow when immature) Bushkin (hybrid, bush type) Frosty (hybrid; smooth-textured skin) Funny Face (hybrid) Harvest Moon (hybrid) Jack-o-Lantern Spirit (hybrid, semi-bush) Young's Beauty, Standard Orange (Large) All 15 to 25 pounds, 100 to 110 days to harvest. [5], According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the English word pumpkin derives from the Ancient Greek word (romanized pepn), meaning 'melon'. The domesticated forms of C.pepo have larger fruits than non-domesticated forms and seeds that are bigger but fewer in number. by Edrich Siebert", "A new way to create pumpkin spice products, drugs, cosmetics", "Pumpkin seed (Cucurbitae peponis semen)", "Smashing Success! [28] And 41% of the overall pumpkin crop for all uses originates in the state, more than five times the nearest competitor (California, whose pumpkin industry is centered in the San Joaquin Valley), and the majority of that comes from five counties in the central part of the state. [56], C.pepo is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, domesticated species with the oldest known locations being Oaxaca, Mexico, 8,00010,000 years ago, and Ocampo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, about 7,000 years ago. Wild Cucurbita peduncles are always below this 10mm barrier. They are variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd, depending on species, variety, and local parlance. [101], Cucurmosin is a ribosome inactivating protein found in the flesh and seed of Cucurbita,[102][103] notably Cucurbita moschata. [34] Various combinations of mineral nutrients and light have a significant effect during the various stages of plant growth. They also generally display a greater resistance to disease and insects, especially to the squash vine borer. The difference is all about symbolism. you cry, desperate to know whether, like the Food and Wine author, your whole life is basically a lie. Dickinson pumpkin has pumpkin in the name. The flowers and young leaves and shoot tips can also be consumed. [29] Nestl, operating under the brand name Libby's, produces 85% of the processed pumpkin in the United States, at their plant in Morton, Illinois. [91] The seeds and fruits of most varieties can be stored for long periods of time,[6] particularly the sweet-tasting winter varieties with their thick, inedible skins. In the southwestern United States and Mexico, pumpkin and squash flowers are a popular and widely available food item. It generally grows at low elevations in hot climates with heavy rainfall, but some varieties have been found above 2,200 meters (7,200ft). Botanical Name. Okay, but maybe the species the Dickinson does belong toCucurbita moschata, to be precisecould also be included under the umbrella term of pumpkin, right? [1] The term tropical pumpkin is sometimes used for pumpkin cultivars of the species Cucurbita moschata. In: "Why You Want Canned Pumpkin For A Better Pie, Not Fresh", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237805567_Loche_a_Unique_Pre-Columbian_Squash_Locally_Grown_in_North_Coastal_Peru, "Evaluation of Storage and Freezing, Baking, and Boiling Treatments on Total Carotenoids Content in the Fruits of Selected Cucurbita moschata Duch. The Dickinson is a smooth large pumpkin perfect for pies! "Canned Vegetables: Product Descriptions", "Diversity in tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata): cultivar origin and history", Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, "White Pumpkins Hit the Halloween Market", "Belgian Mario Vangeel hopes to squash Italian's giant pumpkin record at world championship", "Food Yields and Nutrient Analyses of the Three Sisters: A Haudenosaunee Cropping System", "Plant a Three Sisters Garden: Corn, Beans, and Squash | The Old Farmer's Almanac". [2] It includes cultivars known as squash or pumpkin. Considered to be "one of the oldest pumpkins in existence". ", "Giant Pumpkins: Genetic and Cultural Breakthroughs", "Great Pumpkin: Secret to Growing Giant Gourds", "Cultivar differences in New Zealand "Kabocha" (buttercup squash, Cucurbita maxima)", "What is Kabocha Squash (Japanese Pumpkin)? Schulz. Cindy Ott, who wrote Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon, told me that, up until the 19th century, the words pumpkin and squash were used interchangeably. [20] Some cross pollinations can occur: C.pepo with C.argyrosperma and C.moschata; and C.maxima with C.moschata. Variety is used here interchangeably with cultivar, but not with species or taxonomic variety. [48][qualify evidence] In Germany and southeastern Europe, seeds of C. pepo were also used as folk remedies to treat irritable bladder and benign prostatic hyperplasia. [3] In 1990, Cucurbita expert Michael Nee classified them into the following oft-cited 13 species groups (27 species total), listed by group and alphabetically, with geographic origin:[6][22][23][24], The taxonomy by Nee closely matches the species groupings reported in a pair of studies by a botanical team led by Rhodes and Bemis in 1968 and 1970 based on statistical groupings of several phenotypic traits of 21 species. These effects vary significantly between the different species of Cucurbita. A pumpkin is a vernacular term for mature winter squash of species and varieties in the genus Cucurbita that has culinary and cultural significance but no agreed upon botanical or scientific meaning. Slightly furrowed but smooth buff-colored rind. you cry, desperate to know whether, like the Food and Wine author, your. [4] They were generally grown by indigenous people all over what is now the United States. This may make you wonder what is so different about the Dickinson variety specifically? The plants are sensitive to frost, and they prefer both bright sunlight and soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. [9], C.maxima originated in South America over 4,000 years ago,[31] probably in Argentina and Uruguay. Cucurbita (Latin for 'gourd')[3][4] is a genus of herbaceous fruits in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae (also known as cucurbits or cucurbi), native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. they require a more or less continuous water supply. Pumpkin pie, for instance, is a traditional part of Thanksgiving meals in Canada and the United States, and pumpkins are frequently carved as jack-o'-lanterns for decoration around Halloween, although commercially canned pumpkin pure and pumpkin pie fillings are usually made of different pumpkin varieties from those used for jack-o'-lanterns. [3] Cucurbitacin is also used as a lure in insect traps. Smaller bush varieties are available for more modest spaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_gourds_and_squashes&oldid=1085705953, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 2 May 2022, at 00:37. Colonial Americans ate them only when they couldnt afford anything else. Seeds Per Pound . [4] Both are important food plants of the original people of the region, ranking next to maize and beans. [15], While C. pepo pumpkins generally weigh between 3 and 8 kilograms (6 and 18lb), Giant pumpkins can exceed a tonne in mass. Seeds planted deeper than 12.5 centimeters (5in) are not likely to germinate. It was first cultivated in Kentucky in the early 1800s by a farmer named Elijah Dickinson. Dickinson Pumpkins are mostly round, with tan rind and sweet, coarse orange flesh. [4 Essential Tips]", "Oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars", "Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of carotenoids from pumpkin (Cucurbita spp. ", "Phylogenetic Relationships among Domesticated and Wild Species of, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Flowering and Fruit Set of Pumpkin Cultivars under Field Conditions", "Involvement of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signalling in Fruit Set and Early Fruit Development in Zucchini Squash (, "Stamen-derived Bioactive Gibberellin is Essential for Male Flower Development of, "A Proposed Subspecific Classification for, "Eastern North America as an Independent Center of Plant Domestication", "Karyotype Stability and Unbiased Fractionation in the Paleo-Allotetraploid Cucurbita Genomes", "De novo assembly of the zucchini genome reveals a whole-genome duplication associated with the origin of the Cucurbita genus", "The Genome of Cucurbita argyrosperma (Silver-Seed Gourd) Reveals Faster Rates of Protein-Coding Gene and Long Noncoding RNA Turnover and Neofunctionalization within Cucurbita", "Archaeobiology: Squash Seeds Yield New View of Early American Farming", "Archaeological Evidence of Teosinte Domestication From Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca", "Origins of Agriculture in Eastern North America", "The domestication of Cucurbita argyrosperma as revealed by the genome of its wild relative", "The "How" of the Three Sisters: The Origins of Agriculture in Mesoamerica and the Human Niche", "The Beginning and Growth of Agriculture in Mexico", "Can You Freeze Butternut Squash? [citation needed], Growers of giant pumpkins often compete to grow the most massive pumpkins. [148], In China, C. moschata seeds were also used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis[149] and for the expulsion of tape worms. Aspen Premium Pumpkin. [4] The pumpkin's thick shell contains edible seeds and pulp. The second group are perennials growing in arid zones and so are xerophytic, tolerating dry conditions. The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen. The first group are annual or short-lived perennial vines and are mesophytic, i.e. [13], Pumpkin chunking is a competitive activity in which teams build various mechanical devices designed to throw a pumpkin as far as possible. Acoma Pumpkin. [4] Pumpkin is the state squash of Texas.[27]. A scientific investigation. Pumpkins see more varied use, and are eaten both as vegetables and as desserts such as pumpkin pie. Flowers have five fused yellow to orange petals (the corolla) and a green bell-shaped calyx. 1. Kabocha Japanese Heirloom pumpkin 6. The canned pumpkin you buy in the grocery store often contains little to no amount of the bright-orange, jack-o-lantern kind of pumpkin. [60] There have traditionally been two opposing theories about its origin: 1) that it is a direct descendant of C.texana and 2) that C.texana is merely feral C. Long Island Cheese pumpkin 5. ), phytophthora blight (Phytophthora spp. [6][7] Under this theory, the term transitioned through the Latin word peponem and the Middle French word pompon to the Early Modern English pompion, which was changed to pumpkin by 17th-century English colonists, shortly after encountering pumpkins upon their arrival in what is now the northeastern United States. The vine of the perennial Cucurbita can become semiwoody if left to grow. The origin of C.ficifolia is Latin America, most likely southern Mexico, Central America, or the Andes. [5], In the Middle East, pumpkin is used for sweet dishes; a well-known sweet delicacy is called halawa yaqtin. [39] The plant hormones ethylene and auxin are key in fruit set and development. Some varieties of C. argyrosperma are also known as pumpkins. I'll clear things up for you: pumpkin is a type of winter squash, Cucurbita pepo. Here is a giant list of 300+ different types of pumpkins available in North America (organized in alphabetical order). [78][79] Solid evidence of domesticated C.pepo was found in the Guil Naquitz cave in the form of increasing rind thickness and larger peduncles in the newer stratification layers of the cave. C.ficifolia leaves are slightly angular and have light pubescence. [3], All species of squashes and pumpkins are native to the Western Hemisphere. [4][61][62][63] Kentucky Field pumpkin is also among the pumpkin cultivars grown specifically for jack-o-lantern carving. Fruit infection of 'Eureka' cucumber, 'Magic Lantern' pumpkin, and 'Dickinson' pumpkin by Phytophthora capsici in the sprayed and unsprayed field plots during 2008-2010. For a general rule of thumb plant seed the depth of three times the thickness of the seed. In China, C. moschata seeds were also used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis[51] and for the expulsion of tape worms. This book contains an illustration known as Quegourdes de turquie, which was identified by cucurbit specialists as C.pepo subsp. Since Autumn Gold was trialed at 27 locations across North America, its appeal is not limited to only northern locations. Contains 15 heirloom seeds. [9][31][61][62] C.pepo may have appeared in the Old World before moving from Mexico into South America. They can also be . [106], Cucurbita species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae), Hypercompe indecisa, and the turnip moth (Agrotis segetum). [64], The record for the world's heaviest pumpkin, 1,226kg (2,703lb), was established in Italy in 2021.[17]. (Or, in some cases, about color: Pumpkin-growing competitions across the country will only consider specimens that are at least 80 percent orange.). C. moschata acts as the genetic bridge within the genus and is closest to the genus' progenitor. The whole reason canned pumpkin isnt field pumpkin is that field pumpkin isnt good to eat. For Northern gardeners with early frosts that might destroy a pumpkin patch, Autumn Gold is a reliable choice. Those wishing to incorporate the three sisters gardening method in their own garden can do so with ease by selecting corn, bean, and heirloom pumpkin varieties. [95], Pumpkin seeds contain vitamin E, crude protein, B vitamins and several dietary minerals (see nutrition table at pepita). [99][100] It retards the development of parasitic flukes when administered to infected host mice, although the effect is only seen if administration begins immediately after infection. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. [108] Cucurbita can be susceptible to the pest Bemisia argentifolii (silverleaf whitefly)[109] as well as aphids (Aphididae), cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum and Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi), squash bug (Anasa tristis), the squash vine borer (Melittia cucurbitae), and the two-spotted spidermite (Tetranychus urticae). So we dont have to start calling that a pumpkin. The ATCC-23378 and SDW were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Generally, about 2 pounds of squash will yield 1 cup (8 ounces) of puree, so you need about 3 pounds of squash for one full size pie. We all know pumpkins are the mainstay of the autumn season, as they give flavor to everything from lattes to pies. Gourds, also called bottle-gourds, which are used as utensils or vessels, belong to the genus Lagenaria and are native to Africa. Before you plant, incorporate a lot of compost into the soil. [55] The practice of carving produce for Halloween originated from an Irish myth about a man named "Stingy Jack". [144], Cucurbita have been used in various cultures as folk remedies.
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