Their evangelical work in Africa was closely bound up with Portuguese colonialism, which both helped and hindered their operations. While North American missionaries began to contribute to this cause in the early nineteenth century, their involvement in Africa peaked, like most European missionary efforts, during the heyday of European colonialism between the partitioning of the continent in 1884-1885 and the onset of decolonization in the 1960s. Catholic missions acquired new energy following the French Revolution, the old Portuguese system of partnership with the state was displaced by enthusiasm for independent operations under the authority of the Pope in Rome. on Mapping African Exploration from 1541 to 1880. cartographic archive with Zoomify technology a Boston-based non-profit that teachers canvisit to see original historical maps firsthand. Kreol and Colonialism Lesson Plan (BU African Studies), World War in Africa, a multi-section article on several countries, Military Recruitment in the Gold Coast during the First World War, Boston Universitys Resources on colonialismand Mau Mau resistance. 32 However, Nigerian historians Jacob Ajayi and Emmanuel Ayendele representing nationalist and Africanist agendas wrote influential books on the role of missions in African elite formation. 1999 Historical Society of the Episcopal Church See also Tom Spear, ed., East African expressions of Christianity (Oxford, 1999). Mission societies often expanded into territories before colonial powers did, and providing education only cost them a little more. UNESCO, Volume VI. Although there were many disagreements between European missionaries and African populations, antagonising polygamy is probably the best-documented norm conflict. See their Of revelation and revolution, i, ch. "corePageComponentGetUserInfoFromSharedSession": true, http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/cms_section_VII_parts_1_and_2/Editorial-Introduction.aspx) Due to the cooperative nature of missionary During the 18th and 19th centuries, the British expanded their control over Africa, motivated by a desire to secure new markets and to protect existing trade routes. I am particularly indebted to Patrick Harries from whom I have learnt much as both collaborator and friend. This research was funded by the European Research Council. When Europeans began to colonize central and 18 J. MacKenzie, Missionaries, science and the environment in nineteenth-century Africa, in Andrew Porter, ed., The imperial horizons of British Protestant missions, 18801914 (Grand Rapids, MI, 2003), pp. of missions. Initially, their activities focused on coastal areas. In addition, despite Britains attempts to end the Slave Trade, some of the most prominent Kingdoms of West Africa such as Dahomey and Lagos continued to profit from the Slave Trade resisting efforts by early Christian Missionaries to penetrate the Yoruba interior because Christian Missionaries would undermine their Political authority in addition to lowering their profits from the Slave Trade. See also W. Hollenweger, The Pentecostals (London, 1972), ch. At the turn of the [19th] century [CMS] 115 and 120. 29 A. Ross, David Livingstone, mission and empire (London, 2002), p. 106; Etherington, Education and medicine, p. 278; Megan Vaughan, Curing their ills: colonial power and African illness (Oxford, 1991), pp. 89 Oerman n, Mission, Church and State Re lations in S outh West Africa un der German R ule (1884-1 915 ), p. 34 . The Church Missionary Society repeatedly appealed to the British Government to bombard Lagos under the pretext that it was a den of barbarism and harbinger of the Slave Trade. Yet, the relationship between European missionaries and African populations had some contradictions. It is a fact that some of these missionaries assisted their governments in the subjugation of Africans. 53 Burton's collecting and photography was the subject of an exhibition in South Africa, A. Nettleton, ed., The collection of W.F.P. Burton, University of Witwatersrand Galleries (Witwatersrand, 1992). 84 Maxwell, Photography and the religious encounter, pp. Interviews, Lubaba Rubin (Lubenyi) Bikomo, 14 May 2007, Ruashi, DRC, and Mama Andyena, Kyungu Dyese, and Numbi Martha, 21 May 2007, Mwanza, DRC. Read about the meeting of Europeans and Africans from two different perspectives: Two Different Perspectives on Colonialism. May, Introduction, in Grimshaw and May, eds., Missionaries, indigenous peoples and cultural exchange (Eastbourne, 2010), p. 1. 6 S. Mudenge, A political history of the Munhumatapa, c. 14001902 (Harare, 1988). 11617. Through the Purchase Proposal Program, the Center for Research Libraries has council of missionaries was created at a 1918 conference in Kenya. In fact, most of the norms opposed by missionaries concerned gender relationships. For a broader view, see also T. Dixon, G. Cantor, and S. Pumphrey, eds., Science and religion: new historical perspectives (Cambridge, 2010), and J. Brooke and R. Numbers, eds., Science and religion around the world (Oxford, 2011). In its bid to end the Slave Trade and capture the new market in the Yourba hinterland for the new legitimate trade in Europes manufactured goods, the British Government intervened in Nigeria based on the requests of Christian Missionaries throughout Nigeria in the name of bringing Christianity and Civilization to Nigeria. Did the story of This article is a revised and expanded version of my inaugural lecture as Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge, delivered on 12 March 2014. In my study, I explored how colonial era conflicts and disagreements over marriage norms lastingly affected educational development. 1933; CEMR, 69, Nov.Dec. Missions, Education and Conversion in Colonial Africa African Economic History Working Paper Series No. While they frowned upon bridewealth, female genital cutting, or matrilineality, they held a special grudge against polygamy. Background Christianity is targeted by critics of colonialism because the tenets of the religion were used to justify the actions of the colonists. Missionaries often failed to distinguish between Christian principles and those of the colonialists. It is an historical fact that Africa was evangelized through colonial machinery. 14 Maxwell, D., Photography and the religious encounter: ambiguity and aesthetics in missionary representations of the Luba of South East Belgian Congo, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 53 (2011), pp. The statistical evidence suggests that education would have spread more evenly. The link was not copied. Their evangelical work in Africa was closely bound up with Portuguese colonialism, which both helped and hindered their operations. In 2000, that number had grown to 440,000. Ghana and Sierra Leone in colonial and missionary records, 1700-1850 Ghana in Records from colonial missionaries, 1886-1951 South Africa in records from colonial missionaries, 1819-1900 Tanzania and Malawi in records from colonial missionaries, 1857-1965 Colonial Women Missionaries of the Committee for Women's Work, 1861-1967 While missionaries could sometimes clash with colonial governments, for the most part missions were important tools for colonial governments. They discovered that the holy book did not clearly prescribe monogamy, and contained several examples of renowned Christian polygamists. As a result, Africans abandoned their Ancestral Religions like Voudon and The Ifa Oracle which were demonised by Christian Missionaries in Nigeria. (Rosemary Keen The book could be used to study notions of instruction Institute for Mediterranean Studies at Busan University of Foreign Studies is calling for papers. Being able to speak and write in the colonisers language was considered a privilege. Resistance took many forms. Darrell Reeck. 74 W. Burton, Honey bee: the life story of a Congo evangelist (Johannesburg, 1959), p. 11; J. Salter, Abraham: our first convert (London, c. 1936), p. 11; M. Moorhead, Missionary pioneering in Congo forests: a narrative of William F.P. Burton and his companions in the native villages of Luba-Land (Preston, 1922), pp. They misused biblical passages to further the causes of their colonial friends. J.F. Ajayi, Christian missions in Nigeria, 18411891: the making of a new elite (London, 1965); E.A. Ayendele, The missionary impact on modern Nigeria, 18421914: a political and social analysis (London, 1966). View all Google Scholar citations Phone: (800) 621-6044 or (773) 955-4545 John Lonsdale. Listen: Decolonize, decoloniality and the future of African Studies: A Conversation with Dr. Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatcheniby Duncan Omanga, January 14, 2020. 701. 2 C.A. Bayly, The birth of the modern world, 17801914 (Oxford, 2004) p. 468. Several new missionary orders were founded with a particular focus on Africa. France was given certain countries, and King Leopold II of Belgium was given the Congo, for instance. Investigating the contribution of faith missionaries to the production of colonial knowledge in Belgian Congo, the article challenges stereotypes about the relations between Pentecostalism and modernity, and between mission and empire. 55 Jenkins, Paul, On using historical missionary photographs in modern discussion, Le fait missionnaire, 10 (2001), p. 73CrossRefGoogle Scholar. An excellent video bank of short videos on Colonialism in Africa (Choices Program), Colonization of Africa A succinct article describing the Berlin conference, African resistance and colonial effects (Iweriebor, Africana Age), Sourcebook on African Decolonization from Fordham University. More specifically, Kenyatta was defending clitorodectomy, which was under attack by missionaries. 578. growing collection of resources from the CMS Archive (including papers relating to His monograph, Colonial evangelism (Bloomington, IN, 1982), was something of an exception. Annual Departmental Reports prior to independence, 1881-1980 26 N. Etherington, Education and medicine, in Etherington, ed., Missions and Empire, p. 282. } countries could be effectively compared on the basis on this book. digital collections contain several other volumes on Hannington and MacKay: Missionary work in Africa operated alongside the economic and political colonization "coreDisableSocialShare": false, South Africa in records from colonial missionaries, 1819-1900 could be productively compared. 69 Unpublished preface to Luba religion, UWAG, box W.F.P. Burton, file correspondence with Wits, 1929. 23 C. Tyndale-Biscoe, Tyndale-Biscoe of Kashmir: an autobiography (London, 1951), p. 44. 75, 967. 8 Jean and John Comaroff, Of revelation and revolution: Christianity, colonialism and consciousness in South Africa, i (Chicago, IL, 1991), and Of revelation and revolution: the dialectics of modernity on a South African frontier, ii (Chicago, IL, 1997). appendices to the international meeting, the report contains letters, constitutions, 79102CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, The missionary home as a site for mission: perspectives from Belgian Congo, in John Doran and Charlotte Metheun, eds., The church and the household (Studies in Church History) (Woodbridge, 2014). work, a comparative study of missionaries from several European countries Render date: 2023-07-07T23:43:35.729Z "coreDisableEcommerceForBookPurchase": false, 87 B. Berman and J. Lonsdale, Custom, modernity, and the search for Kihooto: Kenyatta, Malinowski, and the making of Facing Mount Kenya, in Helen Tilly with Robert J. Gordon, eds., Ordering Africa: anthropology, European imperialism and the politics of knowledge (Manchester, 2007). Some of them stuck to their mission others however, aided in the colonization of Africans by Europeans. After the Bombing of Lagos, a permanent Christian Missionary Station had been established in Lagos by 1868. This large collection presents the Blue Books annual statistical compilations for the British colonies of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Cape of Good Hope (now part of South Africa), Gambia, Gold Coast (now Ghana), Kenya, Nigeria, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), Nyasaland (now Malawi), Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), Tanganyika and Zanzibar (now Tanzania), and Uganda. Towards the end of the colonial era, mission schools were replaced by state schools. Int J Afr Hist Stud. 88 J.D.Y. Peel, Problems and opportunities in an anthropologist's use of a missionary archive, in Bickers and Seton, eds., Missionary encounters, pp. For a particularly grounded study of Livingstone's work in Central Africa, see L. Dritsas, Zambesi: David Livingstone and expeditionary science (London, 2010). These three events of year 1792 inaugurated the modern missionary era in the continent, well before the scramble for Africa. Founded in Philadelphia in 1910 as the Church Historical Society, its members include scholars, writers, teachers, ministers (lay and ordained) and many others who have an interest in the objectives and activities of the Historical Society. the highest official within the society, oversaw all of the organizations policy 558. But that increase was greater in monogamous societies. missions in India, East Asia, and the Americas). The Bombardment of Lagos in 1851 which would lead to the annexation of Lagos by 1861 is a clear example of the role played by early Christian Missionaries in the Colonisation Of Nigeria. years after Hannington was killed, Uganda became a British Protectorate. Jousse 90 Gardner, Practising Christianity, pp. education of natives and missionaries, alcohol use among Africans, and the maintenance the various roles missionaries played in the European colonization of Africa. Unsurprisingly, the level of education increased as one moved closer to the missionaries. An important exception is Chris Bayly's discussion of nineteenth-century religious revival and expansion in Birth of the modern world, ch. This finding was supported by two types of analysis. Published: March 2007 Split View Cite Permissions Share Abstract The period of colonial rule in Africa came late and did not last very long. 43 Hunter, E., Language, empire and the world: Karl Roehl and the entangled history of the Swahili Bible in East Africa, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 41 (2013), pp. This is a period where European powers set their sights on exploring the world. I also matched up locations that differed in proximity to the mission stations, but otherwise had similar preconditions for educational development. Conquest was by brutal force, sometimes by trickery, sometimes by agreementso that African countries could bargain for some rights. Although His story exemplifies colonialism, German East Africa, Africa, gender inequality, Christian missionaries Corresponding Author: Max Montgomery, Research Fellow, German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, Hamburg, 20345, Germany. for this article. Despite the fact that these missionaries were not officially sent out as agents of colonial governments, Christianity can be seen as a force of pacification that helped to Africa was conquered by European imperial powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. View. 10 See for example D. Peterson, Creative writing: translation, bookkeeping and the work of imagination in colonial Kenya (Portsmouth, NH, 2004). The Role Of Early Christian Missionaries In The Colonisation Of Nigeria: PDF Download, West Africa such as Dahomey and Lagos continued to profit from the Slave Trade, Why The Rosetta Stone Did Not Decipher The Egyptian Medu Neter Script, Grimaldi Man: Early Modern Humans That Colonised Europe, Influence of Norse Mythology On American Horror Cinema. Africa in 1914, from the British National Archives. Christian Missions also flourished at Lokoja, Abeokuta and Ibadan until Christianity extended to Benin. The collection has three components: Government Gazettes for British Colonial Africa, 1808-1966Colonial Law in Africa, 1808-1919Colonial Law in Africa, 1920-1945Colonial Law in Africa, 1946-1966 The documentary history of organized missions begins with the Roman Catholic monastic orders founded in the 13th century. 75 H. Burton, My black daughters (London, 1949), pp. edn 1945). 44 C. Clark and M. Ledger Lomas, The Protestant international, in Green and Viaene, eds., Religious internationals. For example, a cross-denominational Center for Research Libraries Green and V. Viaene, Introduction: rethinking religion and globalization, in Green and Viaene, eds., Religious internationals and the modern world: globalization and faith communities since 1750 (New York, NY, 2012), p. 1. The circumstances and methodology of missionaries from different trol of Africa could be restored to its rightful owners. Germany and France: Bishop Hannington was among several missionaries killed during service in Africa. Alexander MacKay, one of the first missionaries to Uganda still present when Hannington Join Fulbright in a Q&A for U.S. Scholars! The limitations of space do not allow for comparison of Burton's and Tempels's work. Missionaries continued to be the main providers of education even after colonial powers established control during the so-called Scramble for Africa which occurred between 1884-1914. In addition, the Church Missionary Society highlighted the Trade benefits that would be gained by the Colonisation of Lagos because it was a gateway to the lucrative Trade market in the Yoruba interior which could only be accessed by establishing British Colonial control in Lagos. This conditioning was focused on norms that missionaries deemed incompatible with a Christian way of life. 86 George Basden, How far can African customs be incorporated into the Christian system?, with comment by J. Kenyatta, Congrs International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques. Most times, when the history of Christianity in Africa is told, or the history of Christianity in Nigeria is told, it's really from the standpoint of the 19th and 20th century European missionaries. Colonial Women Missionaries of the Committee for Women's Work, 1861-1967, 3420 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6206, Lauris Olson, Librarian & Coordinator, Social Sciences Collections, Floor Plans, Entrances, and Stack Locations, Intro to Letterpress Workshop / Press Training, Sorry, your page cannot be found! Kenyatta wrote Facing Mount Kenya (London, 1938) partly in response to two earlier Kikuyu ethnographies written by contemporary converts. The agencies by which it spread across North Africa and into the Kingdom of Aksum remain largely unknown. South African History Online (SAHO): A comprehensive website that provides information about the history of many African countries and contexts. I feel melancholy. Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and Germany. [12] 76 M. Gullestad, Picturing pity: pitfalls and pleasures in cross-cultural communication: image and word in a North Cameroon mission (Oxford, 2007). We encourage all teachers of colonialism & resistance to start your units by showcasing pre-colonial African societies. Jousse wrote this overview of the origins and development of French missions in Southern Africa below the Zambezi River attracted missionaries from many parts of Europe and North America because of the absence of the most fearsome diseases. In essence colonialism was partly a result of betrayal by missionaries. During colonialism in South Africa they defied the government and educated black students at a time when the colonial governments forbade this practice. Religion (Christian missionary activity) played a role in conquest and in colonial rule. 90 Cf. 1939Google Scholar. The period of colonialism in Africa lasted from the first quarter of the 19 th century till the third. Hannington was later officially recognized as a martyr. Christian missionaries were the first to introduce European-style education in sub-Saharan Africa. Modern as well as antique (pre 1900) available. 58 Ibid., pp. Jedwab, Remi Introduction Colonialism has become a stigma for Christianity in contemporary Africa. Moradi, Alexander Throughout, consideration is given to the range of missionary sources, textual, visual, and material, and their utility in reconstructing social differentiation in African societies, particularly in revealing indigenous African criticism of custom. S. Heininen, 'Mar tin R autanen i n Namibia and t he Mission B oard in racism taints Jousses arguments, he still offers interesting commentary on the Some of the positive development outcomes of former British colonies are arguably the result of a permissive attitude towards mission schools. dominance over Africans. 22 E. Stock, The history of the Church Missionary Society: its environment, its men and its work, i (London, 1899) pp. Even after the rise of Islam cut communications between sub-Saharan Africa and the churches of Rome and Constantinople, it survived in the eastern Sudan kingdom of Nubia until the 15th century and never died in Ethiopia. General Secretarys papers relating to Africa from 1847 to 1950. Despite the skills and opportunities mission schooling afforded, many Africans were not willing to pay the price. By the turn of the 20th century, evangelism had escaped the bounds of mission stations driven by African initiative and the appearance of so-called faith missions based on a model of itinerant preaching. would be helpful. 382403. The proverbs were initially serialized in BJI, 23, 3 (1955), pp. 3874CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, Freed slaves, missionaries and respectability: the expansion of the Christian frontier from Angola to Belgian Congo, Journal of African History, 54 (2013), pp. Christian missions have contributed greatly to the expansion of formal education around the world. A site full of primary sources along with context on African territories involvement in the war as well as resistances to colonial powers. Comm. For over a century the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church (HSEC) has been an association dedicated to preserving and disseminating information about the history of the Episcopal Church. 48/2019 Felix Meier zu Selhausen, University of Sussex fm272@sussex.ac.uk . Many missionaries built clinics and brought in medicine that improved infant mortality and immunizations which saved countless millions of black lives. 13 D. Maxwell, Christians and chiefs in Zimbabwe: a social history of the Hwesa people c. 1870s1990s (Edinburgh, 1999). Missionaries continued to be the main providers of education even after colonial powers established control during the so-called Scramble for Africa which occurred between 1884-1914.. The prevalent mission model until the late 19th century was a station under the direction of a single European family whose religious and educational endeavors were directed at a small number of African residents. It offered the most direct path towards prestigious jobs in colonial administrations and European enterprises. 7056CrossRefGoogle Scholar. $4 and . THE MISSIONARY MOVEMENT IN AFRICAN AND WORLD HISTORY: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X15000084, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. South Africa to encourage the influx of more missionaries. 24 MacKenzie, Missionaries, science and the environment, p. 128. also features Hanningtons diaries in large portions of the text. He was also the father-in-law of the missionary and explorer David Livingstone (181373). Improving local living standards to them means he aided Europeans in taking land that belonged to Africans and then forcing them to work for a living so that they would pay taxes for things that neverbenefitedthem. 48 Livingstone, Scientific enquiry, p. 61. These contradictions are surprisingly absent from contemporary research. The British established their first colony in Africa in 1663, when they captured the island of Bermuda. (404 error), Strategies for Special and Area Studies Collections, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, Gambia Under Colonial Rule, in Government Reports, 1881-1966, Ghana and Togo Under Colonial Rule, in Government Reports, 1843-1957, Kenya Under Colonial Rule, in Government Reports 1907-1964, Nigeria and Cameroon Under Colonial Rule, in Government Reports 1887-1962, Zimbabwe under colonial rule, in Government reports, 1897-1980, Malawi under colonial rule, in Government reports, 1907-1967, Sierra Leone under colonial rule, in Government reports, 1893-1961, Uganda under colonial rule, in Government reports, 1903-1961, South Africa under Apartheid, reports and research by a journalist, 1949-1995, Ghana and Sierra Leone in colonial and missionary records, 1700-1850, Ghana in Records from colonial missionaries, 1886-1951, South Africa in records from colonial missionaries, 1819-1900, Tanzania and Malawi in records from colonial missionaries, 1857-1965, Colonial Women Missionaries of the Committee for Women's Work, 1861-1967. interplay between religion, culture, and society. Supporting academic libraries in a rapidly evolving/changing world. "coreDisableEcommerceForElementPurchase": false, The consequences of norm conflicts are likely to manifest beyond educational pursuit. This allowed me to estimate the impact of mission schooling directly. See also Jeffrey Cox, Master narratives of imperial mission, in J. Scott and Gareth Griffiths, eds., Mixed messages, materiality, textuality and missions (New York, NY, 2005), p. 17. Most missionaries like David Livingstone and Fabri of the German Missionary Society in Namibia believed that once Africans were colonized by European countries they would be more likely to seek after Western Education and Christianity which the missionaries controlled. The early Christian Missionaries in Nigeria viewed the Colonisation of Nigeria as a justifiable means of spreading Christianity in Nigeria in a peaceful unhindered environment that could only be brought about by the establishment of British Colonial Government in Nigeria. have been converted to Christianity. Due to the opposition from African Kingdoms faced by Christian Missionaries in Nigeria, Christian Missionaries in Nigeria concluded that in order for them to spread Christianity effectively in Nigeria, it was necessary to completely transform the existing Social and Political order in Nigeria to bring about a system which would replace the established customs and institutions of Nigeria. The Penn Libraries have acquired several digitized primary-source collections on British colonial Africa, Apartheid-era South Africa, and British missionary activities in African countries. 3 Sunday Times (of London), 15 Mar. 45 Susan Thorne, Religion and empire at home, in C. Hall and S. Rose, eds., At home with the empire: metropolitan culture and the imperial world (Cambridge, 2006); P. Harries, Butterflies and barbarians: Swiss missionaries and systems of knowledge in South-East Africa (Oxford, 2007); Anna Johnston, Missionary writing and empire, 18001860 (Cambridge, 2003). The London Missionary Society sent David Livingstone to South Africa in 1840, where he became one of the first Europeans to traverse the continent. [11] For example, Toyin Falola asserts that there were some missionaries who believed that "the agenda of colonialism in Africa was similar to that of Christianity". African adventure or his high status in the Church? This article is not an indictment against the Christian faith or the sacred Christian text but an analysis ofsome of the missionaries who forsook the teachings of the Holy Bible the sacred text of Christianity in favor of government trinkets. The Cooperative Africana Microform Project acquired the following publications, Colonialism and African Initiated Churches. CRL services are designed to enable groundbreaking faculty and student research. 11 On radical evangelicalism, see G. Wacker, Heaven below: early Pentecostals and American culture (Cambridge, MA, 2001) ch. 35 John Lonsdale, Kikuyu Christianities: a history of intimate diversity, in D. Maxwell, ed., with Ingrid Lawrie, Christianity and the African imagination: essays in honour of Adrian Hastings (Leiden, 2002); D. Peterson, The rhetoric of the Word: Bible translation and Mau Mau in colonial Kenya, in B. Stanley, ed., Missions, nationalism and the end of empire (Grand Rapids, MI, 2003). African spirituality beliefs stated that people communicated to God through ancestors. Berry wrote his book more than forty years after Dawsons. The place of Christian mission within the colonial system in Africa has been studied and . The minutes and financial records from an 1877 meeting Despite Campbell's claim that: "Missionary stations are surrounded by moral atmospheres, or have a moral and civilizing influence to a considerable distance around, beyond which it is extremely hazardous for white men to go." (1815) they had strong objections to a missionary presence and often took appropriate action. Certification & Assessment of Digital Repositories, Contributing Serials to the Linda Hall Library, World Newspaper Archive African Newspapers, CRL Resources on 19th-Century Christian Missionary Work in Africa, http://www.adammatthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/cms_section_VII_parts_1_and_2/Publishers-Note-Part-1.aspx, The Last Journals of Bishop Hannington: Being Narratives of a Journey throughPalestine in 1884 and a Journey through Masai-Land and U-Soga in 1885, Lion-Hearted: The Story of Bishop Hanningtons Life Told for Boys and Girls, James Hannington: The Merchants Son who was Martyred for Africa, The Story of the Life of MacKay of Uganda: Pioneer Missionary, Ugandas White Man of Work: A Story of Alexander M. MacKay, http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/digital_guides/cms_section_VII_parts_1_and_2/Editorial-Introduction.aspx, Uganda: Eine Edelfrucht am Missionsbaum der Katholischen Kirche zu Ehren derSeligen Ugandamartyrer, La Mission Franaise vangelique au Sud de lAfrique: Son Origine et Son Dvelopmentjusqu Nos Jours, Commission Internationale de lAssociation Africaine. They were published in full in one volume as Proverbs des Baluba (Elizabethville, 1958); idem, The Magic Drum. You do not currently have access to this article, Access to the full content requires a subscription, Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend.
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